Socioeconomic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Factors Associated With Employment in Women With HIV in the United States: A Correlational Study

Jenni M Wise¹, Andres Azuero, Deborah Konkle-Parker, James L Raper, Karen Heaton, David E Vance, Adaora A Adimora, Gina Wingood, Elizabeth Golub, Susanna Levin, Tracey E Wilson, Daniel Merenstein, Ed Yelin, Kathleen M Weber, Margaret Fischl, Mirjam-Colette Kempf

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ Jenni M. Wise, PhD, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Andres Azuero, PhD, is the Director of Statistics, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Deborah Konkle-Parker, PhD, FNP, FAAN, is a Professor, Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. James L. Raper, PhD, CRNP, JD, FAANP, FAAN, is a Professor, Department of Infectious Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Karen Heaton, PhD, FNP-BC, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Acute, Chronic, and Continuing Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Adaora A. Adimora, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Gina Wingood, ScD, MPH, is a Professor, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Elizabeth Golub, PhD, MEd, MPH, is a Senior Lecturer, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Susanna Levin, NP, is a Research Clinician, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. Tracey E. Wilson, PhD, is a Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA. Daniel Merenstein, MD, is a Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. Ed Yelin, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. Kathleen M. Weber, RN, MS, BSN, is a Consortium Director, Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Margaret Fischl, MD, FACP, is a Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. Mirjam-Colette Kempf, PhD, MPH, is a Professor, Department of Family, Community and Health Systems, Health Behavior, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

PMID: 34939986
PMCID: PMC8944186
DOI: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000297

Socioeconomic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Factors Associated With Employment in Women With HIV in the United States: A Correlational Study

Jenni M Wise et al. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2022 Jan-Feb.

. 2022 Jan-Feb;33(1):33-44.

doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000297.

Authors

Affiliation

¹ Jenni M. Wise, PhD, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Andres Azuero, PhD, is the Director of Statistics, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Deborah Konkle-Parker, PhD, FNP, FAAN, is a Professor, Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. James L. Raper, PhD, CRNP, JD, FAANP, FAAN, is a Professor, Department of Infectious Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Karen Heaton, PhD, FNP-BC, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Acute, Chronic, and Continuing Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Adaora A. Adimora, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Gina Wingood, ScD, MPH, is a Professor, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Elizabeth Golub, PhD, MEd, MPH, is a Senior Lecturer, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Susanna Levin, NP, is a Research Clinician, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. Tracey E. Wilson, PhD, is a Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA. Daniel Merenstein, MD, is a Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. Ed Yelin, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. Kathleen M. Weber, RN, MS, BSN, is a Consortium Director, Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Margaret Fischl, MD, FACP, is a Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. Mirjam-Colette Kempf, PhD, MPH, is a Professor, Department of Family, Community and Health Systems, Health Behavior, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

PMID: 34939986
PMCID: PMC8944186
DOI: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000297

Abstract

Employment is a social determinant of health, and women living with HIV (WLWH) are often underemployed. This correlational study examined the socioeconomic, psychosocial, and clinical factors associated with employment among WLWH (n = 1,357) and women at risk for HIV (n = 560). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate factors associated with employment status. Employment was associated (p ≤ .05) with better socioeconomic status and quality of life (QOL), less tobacco and substance use, and better physical, psychological, and cognitive health. Among WLWH, employment was associated (p ≤ .05) with improved adherence to HIV care visits and HIV RNA viral suppression. Using multivariable regression modeling, differences were found between WLWH and women at risk for HIV. Among WLWH, household income, QOL, education, and time providing childcare remained associated with employment in adjusted multivariable analyses (R2 = .272, p < .001). A better understanding of the psychosocial and structural factors affecting employment is needed to reduce occupational disparities among WLWH.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosures

The authors report no real or perceived vested interests related to this article that could be construed as a conflict of interest.

References

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Socioeconomic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Factors Associated With Employment in Women With HIV in the United States: A Correlational Study

Affiliation

Socioeconomic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Factors Associated With Employment in Women With HIV in the United States: A Correlational Study

Authors

Affiliation

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical