Condomless Sex With Partners and Clients Among Female Sex Workers in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

doi:10.1097/JNC.0000000000000305

Meta-Analysis

. 2022 Jan-Feb;33(1):63-77.

doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000305.

Condomless Sex With Partners and Clients Among Female Sex Workers in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mehrdad Khezri¹, Fatemeh Tavakoli, Azam Bazrafshan, Hamid Sharifi, Mostafa Shokoohi

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ Mehrdad Khezri, MSc, is a Research Assistant, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Fatemeh Tavakoli, MSc, is a Research Assistant, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Azam Bazrafshan, MSc, is a Research Assistant, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Hamid Sharifi, PhD, is a Professor, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mostafa Shokoohi, PhD, is a Senior Methodologist, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, and a Postdoctoral Fellow, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

PMID: 34939989
DOI: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000305

Meta-Analysis

Condomless Sex With Partners and Clients Among Female Sex Workers in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mehrdad Khezri et al. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2022 Jan-Feb.

. 2022 Jan-Feb;33(1):63-77.

doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000305.

Authors

Mehrdad Khezri¹, Fatemeh Tavakoli, Azam Bazrafshan, Hamid Sharifi, Mostafa Shokoohi

Affiliation

¹ Mehrdad Khezri, MSc, is a Research Assistant, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Fatemeh Tavakoli, MSc, is a Research Assistant, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Azam Bazrafshan, MSc, is a Research Assistant, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Hamid Sharifi, PhD, is a Professor, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mostafa Shokoohi, PhD, is a Senior Methodologist, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, and a Postdoctoral Fellow, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

PMID: 34939989
DOI: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000305

Abstract

Condomless sex is the most proximal risk for HIV acquisition among female sex workers (FSWs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence for the prevalence of condomless sex among FSWs in Iran. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to pool the prevalence estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The pooled prevalence of condomless sex at last sex with a paying client and a nonpaying partner was 34.23% (95% CI: 27.83-40.93) and 48.34 (95% CI: 38.43-58.32), respectively. Last-month inconsistent condom use was 49.01% (95% CI: 21.64-76.71) with paying clients and 60.21% (95% CI: 31.27-85.73) with nonpaying partners. The pooled prevalence of lifetime condom nonuse with any partners/clients was 15.26% (95% CI: 10.68-20.49). These findings indicate that a substantial proportion of FSWs engage in high-risk sexual practices. Community-led programs should be stimulated to improve consistent condom use among FSWs.

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References

1. Asadi-Ali Abadi M., Abolghasemi J., Rimaz S., Majdzadeh R., Shokoohi M., Rostami-Maskopaee F., Merghati-Khoei E. (2018). High-risk behaviors among regular and casual female sex workers in Iran: A report from Western Asia. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12(1), e9744. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.9744 - DOI
1. Atif M., Khalil R., Bilal B. (2015). Prevalence of condom use and associated factors among female sex workers In Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Current Research, 7. http://ijcrr.com/uploads/386_pdf.pdf
1. Baral S., Beyrer C., Muessig K., Poteat T., Wirtz A. L., Decker M. R., Sherman S. G., Kerrigan D. (2012). Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12(7), 538-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70066-X - DOI
1. Beyrer C., Crago A. L., Bekker L. G., Butler J., Shannon K., Kerrigan D., Decker M. R., Baral S. D., Poteat T., Wirtz A. L., Weir B. W., Barré-Sinoussi F., Kazatchkine M., Sidibé M., Dehne K. L., Boily M. C., Strathdee S. A. (2015). An action agenda for HIV and sex workers. Lancet, 385(9964), 287-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60933-8 - DOI
1. Borenstein M., Hedges L. V., Higgins J. P., Rothstein H. R. (2010). A basic introduction to fixed‐effect and random‐effects models for meta‐analysis. Research in Sports Medicine, 1(2), 97-111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.12 - DOI

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[1] Asadi-Ali Abadi M., Abolghasemi J., Rimaz S., Majdzadeh R., Shokoohi M., Rostami-Maskopaee F., Merghati-Khoei E. (2018). High-risk behaviors among regular and casual female sex workers in Iran: A report from Western Asia. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12(1), e9744. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.9744 - DOI

[2] Asadi-Ali Abadi M., Abolghasemi J., Rimaz S., Majdzadeh R., Shokoohi M., Rostami-Maskopaee F., Merghati-Khoei E. (2018). High-risk behaviors among regular and casual female sex workers in Iran: A report from Western Asia. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12(1), e9744. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.9744 - DOI

[3] Atif M., Khalil R., Bilal B. (2015). Prevalence of condom use and associated factors among female sex workers In Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Current Research, 7. http://ijcrr.com/uploads/386_pdf.pdf

[4] Atif M., Khalil R., Bilal B. (2015). Prevalence of condom use and associated factors among female sex workers In Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Current Research, 7. http://ijcrr.com/uploads/386_pdf.pdf

[5] Baral S., Beyrer C., Muessig K., Poteat T., Wirtz A. L., Decker M. R., Sherman S. G., Kerrigan D. (2012). Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12(7), 538-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70066-X - DOI

[6] Baral S., Beyrer C., Muessig K., Poteat T., Wirtz A. L., Decker M. R., Sherman S. G., Kerrigan D. (2012). Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12(7), 538-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70066-X - DOI

[7] Beyrer C., Crago A. L., Bekker L. G., Butler J., Shannon K., Kerrigan D., Decker M. R., Baral S. D., Poteat T., Wirtz A. L., Weir B. W., Barré-Sinoussi F., Kazatchkine M., Sidibé M., Dehne K. L., Boily M. C., Strathdee S. A. (2015). An action agenda for HIV and sex workers. Lancet, 385(9964), 287-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60933-8 - DOI

[8] Beyrer C., Crago A. L., Bekker L. G., Butler J., Shannon K., Kerrigan D., Decker M. R., Baral S. D., Poteat T., Wirtz A. L., Weir B. W., Barré-Sinoussi F., Kazatchkine M., Sidibé M., Dehne K. L., Boily M. C., Strathdee S. A. (2015). An action agenda for HIV and sex workers. Lancet, 385(9964), 287-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60933-8 - DOI

[9] Borenstein M., Hedges L. V., Higgins J. P., Rothstein H. R. (2010). A basic introduction to fixed‐effect and random‐effects models for meta‐analysis. Research in Sports Medicine, 1(2), 97-111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.12 - DOI

[10] Borenstein M., Hedges L. V., Higgins J. P., Rothstein H. R. (2010). A basic introduction to fixed‐effect and random‐effects models for meta‐analysis. Research in Sports Medicine, 1(2), 97-111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.12 - DOI

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Condomless Sex With Partners and Clients Among Female Sex Workers in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Condomless Sex With Partners and Clients Among Female Sex Workers in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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