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Case Reports
. 2021 Dec 6;8(12):307.
doi: 10.3390/vetsci8120307.

Immunophenotyping of an Unusual Mixed-Type Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma in a Dog

Hyo-Sung Kim  1 , Han-Jun Kim  1   2 , Hyun-Jeong Hwang  1 , Jong-Hyun Ahn  3 , Sun-Hee Do  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Immunophenotyping of an Unusual Mixed-Type Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma in a Dog

Hyo-Sung Kim et al. Vet Sci. .

Abstract

A 6-year-old female Maltese dog presented with a cervical mass without pain. The tumor was surrounded by a thick fibrous tissue and consisted of an osteoid matrix with osteoblasts and two distinct areas: a mesenchymal cell-rich lesion with numerous multinucleated giant cells and a chondroid matrix-rich lesion. The tumor cells exhibited heterogeneous protein expression, including a positive expression of vimentin, cytokeratin, RANKL, CRLR, SOX9, and collagen 2, and was diagnosed as extraskeletal osteosarcoma. Despite its malignancy, the dog showed no sign of recurrence or metastasis three months after the resection. Further analysis of the tumor cells revealed a high expression of proliferation- and metastasis-related biomarkers in the absence of angiogenesis-related biomarkers, suggesting that the lack of angiogenesis and the elevated tumor-associated fibrosis resulted in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment and prevented metastasis.

Keywords: dog; extraskeletal; hypoxia; immunohistochemistry; osteosarcoma; prognosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Subcutaneous tumor on the cervical region of a Maltese dog: (a) radiographic image of the lesion, revealing that the spherical tumor on the neck has no relation to other tissue, such as the cervical bone or muscle; (b) macroscopic appearance at the cut surface of the mass. The tumor consists of white and translucent tissue, with brown gelatinous material at the center. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Histopathology of extraskeletal osteosarcoma and reference images of immunohistochemistry for biomarkers: (a) thick fibrous tissue surrounding the neoplasm; (b) hypercellular lesion with pleomorphic mesenchymal cells and multinucleated giant cells; (c) chondroid matrix-rich lesion in the deeper portion of the extraskeletal osteosarcoma; (d) small portion of the tumor-forming osteoid matrix with lacuna and osteoblast lining; (e) strong positive immunoreaction for RANKL on both tumor cells and stroma; (f) cytoplasmic positive reaction for ezrin. Scale bar = 1 mm (a), 100 µm (b,c,e,f), and 200 µm (d).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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