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Review
. 2021 Dec 12;10(24):5815.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10245815.

Immunomonitoring of Monocyte and Neutrophil Function in Critically Ill Patients: From Sepsis and/or Trauma to COVID-19

Ivo Udovicic  1   2 , Ivan Stanojevic  2   3 , Dragan Djordjevic  1   2 , Snjezana Zeba  1   2 , Goran Rondovic  1   2 , Tanja Abazovic  1 , Srdjan Lazic  2   4 , Danilo Vojvodic  2   3 , Kendrick To  5 , Dzihan Abazovic  6 , Wasim Khan  5 , Maja Surbatovic  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Immunomonitoring of Monocyte and Neutrophil Function in Critically Ill Patients: From Sepsis and/or Trauma to COVID-19

Ivo Udovicic et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Immune cells and mediators play a crucial role in the critical care setting but are understudied. This review explores the concept of sepsis and/or injury-induced immunosuppression and immuno-inflammatory response in COVID-19 and reiterates the need for more accurate functional immunomonitoring of monocyte and neutrophil function in these critically ill patients. in addition, the feasibility of circulating and cell-surface immune biomarkers as predictors of infection and/or outcome in critically ill patients is explored. It is clear that, for critically ill, one size does not fit all and that immune phenotyping of critically ill patients may allow the development of a more personalized approach with tailored immunotherapy for the specific patient. In addition, at this point in time, caution is advised regarding the quality of evidence of some COVID-19 studies in the literature.

Keywords: COVID-19; biomarkers; critical illness; immunologic; immunosuppression; immunotherapy; monitoring; sepsis; therapy; trauma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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