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Review
. 2021 Dec 13;10(24):5831.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10245831.

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis of the Liver and Spleen

Diana Cenariu  1 , Sabina Iluta  2   3 , Alina-Andreea Zimta  1 , Bobe Petrushev  1   4 , Liren Qian  5 , Noemi Dirzu  1 , Ciprian Tomuleasa  1   2   6 , Horia Bumbea  7   8 , Florin Zaharie  9
Affiliations
Review

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis of the Liver and Spleen

Diana Cenariu et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components and, consequently, immune cells. In a more complete definition, this process refers to the formation, growth, maturation, and specialization of blood cells, from the hematopoietic stem cell, through the hematopoietic progenitor cells, to the s pecialized blood cells. This process is tightly regulated by several elements of the bone marrow microenvironment, such as growth factors, transcription factors, and cytokines. During embryonic and fetal development, hematopoiesis takes place in different organs: the yolk sac, the aorta-gonad mesonephros region, the lymph nodes, and not lastly, the fetal liver and the spleen. In the current review, we describe extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen and liver, with an emphasis on myeloproliferative conditions.

Keywords: chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms; embryology; extramedullary hematopoiesis; spleen and liver.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Physiological versus pathological hematopoiesis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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