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. 2021 Nov 24;10(12):2912.
doi: 10.3390/foods10122912.

Chemometric Profiling and Bioactivity of Verbena (Aloysia  citrodora) Methanolic Extract from Four Localities in Tunisia

Sonia Tammar  1   2 , Nidhal Salem  3 , Wissem Aidi Wannes  1 , Hajer Limam  1   4 , Soumaya Bourgou  1 , Nedia Fares  3 , Sarra Dakhlaoui  1 , Majdi Hammami  1 , Saber Khammassi  1 , Giovanni Del Re  5 , Kamel Hessini  6 , Kamel Msaada  1
Affiliations

Chemometric Profiling and Bioactivity of Verbena (Aloysia  citrodora) Methanolic Extract from Four Localities in Tunisia

Sonia Tammar et al. Foods. .

Abstract

This research aimed to study the chemical composition of Aloysia citrodora methanolic extract and its biological activities as an antioxidant, and its antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities based on four bioclimatic collection stages. The contents of total phenols, total flavonoids and total tannins were determined. Nine phenolic compounds were identified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The major compound was acteoside, a phenylpropanoid which represented about 80% of the methanolic fraction in the various regions. The antioxidant activities of different locations were measured by different analytical assays, such as DPPH, ABTS and iron reducing power. The results showed that phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities varied with climatic and environmental factors. Moreover, there was a significant dependency between regions and biological activities. The use of a principal component analysis showed that there was a close relationship among phenylpropanoids, phenolic compounds and the studied biological activities.

Keywords: Aloysia citrodora; anti-inflammatory activity; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antioxidant activity; environmental factors; phenolic compounds; verbascoside.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical composition chromatographic profile of methanolic lemon verbena extracts depending on the location of collection by LC-DAD. The affiliation of the numbered peaks is reported in Table 3.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relative positions of lemon verbena collection regions according to their phenolic composition using a hierarchical ascending classification (HAC).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Variation in the percentages of inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, Candida albicans and Nystatin depending on the location of collection. The values are the average of three replicates.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Evolution of cell viability as a function of the concentrations of lemon verbena extracts in different collection regions. Percentages with different letters (a,A,b,B) were significantly different at p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Variation of anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic lemon verbena extracts depending on the location of collection.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Principal component analysis in a biplot of the lemon verbena populations according to the composition of methanolic extracts, their activities and climatic conditions. TP: total polyphenols, TF: total flavonoids, NO: anti-inflammatory, DPPH, ABTS: antifree radical activity, RP: reducing power.
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