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Review
. 2021 Dec 11;14(24):7640.
doi: 10.3390/ma14247640.

Bioactives from Mushroom: Health Attributes and Food Industry Applications

Aarti Bains  1 , Prince Chawla  2 , Sawinder Kaur  2 , Agnieszka Najda  3 , Melinda Fogarasi  4 , Szabolcs Fogarasi  5
Affiliations
Review

Bioactives from Mushroom: Health Attributes and Food Industry Applications

Aarti Bains et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

It is well-known that the utilization of mushrooms as therapeutic agents is not new. Over the past years, they have been used by local individuals as food, as well as medicines, throughout the world. Nowadays, mushrooms are excessively used in the medicine, pharmacy, food, and fermentation fields as well. Wild mushrooms are of particular interest, especially Trametes versicolor (commonly known as turkey mushrooms) due to their various uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries. They represent not only a huge storehouse of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, but they are also an important source of bioactive polysaccharides. They are widely used in traditional oriental therapies. The fruiting bodies are used in the preparation of health tonics and tea. The present review is necessary to explore more about this mushroom-like classical taxonomy, morphology, nutritional value, bioactivity, various health attributes, mechanism of bioactive components against various diseases, and food applications. The influence of processing processes on the nutritional properties and bioactivity of the fungus is discussed. Potential bioactive components promising health attributes of Trametes versicolor are extensively described. Additionally, several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of polysaccharopeptides (PSP) and Polysaccharide-K (PSK) on the aspects related to immune function and inflammation, also presenting an anticancerous effect. Moreover, PSP and PSK were successfully described to decrease several life-threatening diseases. The potential food applications of Trametes versicolor were detailed to signify the effective utilization of the mushroom in functional food formulation.

Keywords: Trametes versicolor; anti-inflammation; bioactivity; health attributes; mushroom.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The classical taxonomy of Trametes versicolor, which was assigned as sample number 127 when collected from the forest of Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. (a) Fruiting body of sample 127 (Trametes versicolor). (b) Spore structure. (c) The 5.8S rDNA PCR replicon. (d) Based upon the phylogenetic analysis, sample 127 showed 98% homology with the published NCBI sequences and identified as a Trametes versicolor strain. The nucleotide sequence of the mushroom sample was submitted to NCBI, and it was provided with the GenBank accession number KU 892065.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Possible mechanism of PSP of Trametes versicolor as prebiotics.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Possible mechanism of the antidiabetic and antiobesity properties of the ternatin compound isolated from Trametes versicolor.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Possible mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of bioactive compounds isolated from the extract of Trametes versicolor.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mechanism of the anticancerous and immunomodulatory effects of PSP of Trametes versicolor.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mechanisms of action of PSP of Trametes versicolor on the HIV-1 virus.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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