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. 2021 Dec 17;14(24):7827.
doi: 10.3390/ma14247827.

Two-Step Synthesis of Bismuth-Based Hybrid Halide Perovskite Thin-Films

Vanira Trifiletti  1   2 , Sally Luong  1 , Giorgio Tseberlidis  2 , Stefania Riva  2 , Eugenio S S Galindez  1 , William P Gillin  3 , Simona Binetti  2 , Oliver Fenwick  1
Affiliations

Two-Step Synthesis of Bismuth-Based Hybrid Halide Perovskite Thin-Films

Vanira Trifiletti et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Lead halide perovskites have been revolutionary in the last decade in many optoelectronic sectors. Their bismuth-based counterparts have been considered a good alternative thanks to their composition of earth-abundant elements, good chemical stability, and low toxicity. Moreover, their electronic structure is in a quasi-zero-dimensional (0D) configuration, and they have recently been explored for use beyond optoelectronics. A significant limitation in applying thin-film technology is represented by the difficulty of synthesizing compact layers with easily scalable methods. Here, the engineering of a two-step synthesis in an air of methylammonium bismuth iodide compact thin films is reported. The critical steps of the process have been highlighted so that the procedure can be adapted to different substrates and application areas.

Keywords: bismuth; halide perovskites; solution processing; thin-film; two-step.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Tauc plots of the 300 nm BiI3 layer, and MABI films obtained after 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min of dipping in the MAI solution in IPA.
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD patterns (a) and Raman spectra (b) of the 300 nm BiI3 layer, and MABI films obtained after 20 and 25 min dipping in the MAI solution in IPA.
Figure 3
Figure 3
XPS high-resolution core-level spectra, related to the MABI films obtained after 20 and 25 min dipping in the MAI solution in IPA, for (a) N 1s; (b) I 3d5/2; (c) C 1s; (d) Bi 4f7/2.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) XPS high-resolution core-level spectra for Bi 4f7/2, recorded for the MABI films obtained after 20 dipping in the MAI solution in IPA, and annealed at 100 °C for 90, 105, 120 min in air; (b) XRD patterns of the MABI films obtained after 20 dipping in the MAI solution in IPA, and annealed at 100 °C for 90, 105, 120 min in air.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM images of (a) 300 nm BiI3 layer; (b) MABI film obtained with immersion time in CH3NH3I solution of 20 min and annealed at 100 °C for 90 min in air; (c) MABI film obtained with immersion time in CH3NH3I solution of 20 min and annealed at 100 °C for 105 min in air. Scale: 20 μm top and 2 μm bottom images.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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