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Review
. 2021 Dec 13;22(24):13380.
doi: 10.3390/ijms222413380.

New Frontiers in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Concerns and Remedies

Polina Klimovich  1   2 , Kseniya Rubina  2 , Veronika Sysoeva  2 , Ekaterina Semina  1   2
Affiliations
Review

New Frontiers in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Concerns and Remedies

Polina Klimovich et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Topical advances in studying molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for regeneration in the peripheral nervous system have highlighted the ability of the nervous system to repair itself. Still, serious injuries represent a challenge for the morphological and functional regeneration of peripheral nerves, calling for new treatment strategies that maximize nerve regeneration and recovery. This review presents the canonical view of the basic mechanisms of nerve regeneration and novel data on the role of exosomes and their transferred microRNAs in intracellular communication, regulation of axonal growth, Schwann cell migration and proliferation, and stromal cell functioning. An integrated comprehensive understanding of the current mechanistic underpinnings will open the venue for developing new clinical strategies to ensure full regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.

Keywords: Schwann cells; axon growth; exosomes; microRNA; multipotent stromal cells; peripheral nerve regeneration.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The exosome contribution to nerve regeneration. Exosomes are generated from late endosomes, which are formed by inward budding of the limited multivesicular body (MVB) membrane. The MVBs can either fuse with lysosomes for degradation or with the plasma membrane, therefore releasing exosomes into the extracellular space. Released exosomes taken up by damaged neurons and Schwann cells can either enhance or impair PNS.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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