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. 2021 Dec 15;22(24):13452.
doi: 10.3390/ijms222413452.

The Carbohydrate Metabolism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Yanhua Cui  1 , Meihong Wang  1 , Yankun Zheng  1 , Kai Miao  1 , Xiaojun Qu  2
Affiliations

The Carbohydrate Metabolism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Yanhua Cui et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has a strong carbohydrate utilization ability. This characteristic plays an important role in its gastrointestinal tract colonization and probiotic effects. L. plantarum LP-F1 presents a high carbohydrate utilization capacity. The genome analysis of 165 L. plantarum strains indicated the species has a plenty of carbohydrate metabolism genes, presenting a strain specificity. Furthermore, two-component systems (TCSs) analysis revealed that the species has more TCSs than other lactic acid bacteria, and the distribution of TCS also shows the strain specificity. In order to clarify the sugar metabolism mechanism under different carbohydrate fermentation conditions, the expressions of 27 carbohydrate metabolism genes, catabolite control protein A (CcpA) gene ccpA, and TCSs genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR technology. The correlation analysis between the expressions of regulatory genes and sugar metabolism genes showed that some regulatory genes were correlated with most of the sugar metabolism genes, suggesting that some TCSs might be involved in the regulation of sugar metabolism.

Keywords: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; carbohydrate metabolism; two-component system.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Circular genome map of the L. plantarum LP-F1 chromosome and plasmid. (A) Chromosome. (B) Plasmid pLP-F1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic trees of 16 L. plantarum strains. In order to highlight the strain LP-F1 in this study, the strain name LP-F1 is shown in red.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Sugar metabolism and central carbon pathways in L. plantarum LP-F1. 2-PA, 2-phosphoglyceric acid; 3-PA, 3-phosphoglyceric acid; AraA, L-arabinose isomerase; AraB, L-ribulokinase; AraD, L-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; DPGA, 1, 3-diphosphoglyceric acid; Eno, enolase; EPS, exopolysaccharide; FbaA, fructose bisphosphate aldolase; G3P, glyceralodehyde-3-phosphate; GalE, UDP-galactose 4-epimerase; GalK, galactokinase; GalM, galactose epimerase; GalT, UDP-glucose: alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; GalU, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase; GapB, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Gk, glucokinase; LacA, beta-galactosidase; LacL, beta-galactosidase large subunit; LacM, beta-galactosidase small subunit; ManA, mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; MtlD, mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase; Pbg, 6-phosphate -β-glucosidase; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PfkA, 6-phosphofructokinase; Pgi, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; Pgk, phosphoglycerate kinase; Pgm, beta-phosphoglucomutase; PgmA, phosphoglycerate mutase; PRPP, 5-phosphoribosyldiphosphate; Prs, ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase; Pyk, pyruvate kinase; RbsK, ribokinase; RhaA, L-rhamnose isomerase; RhaB, rhamnulokinase; RhaD, rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase; RmlA, glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase; RmlB, dTDP-glucose 4, 6-dehydratase; RmlC, dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase; RmlD, dTDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose reductase; Rpe, ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase; RpiA, ribose-5-phosphate epimerase; SacA, sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase; SacK, fructokinase; SrlD1/SrlD2, sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase;TarJ, ribitol-5-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase; TpiA, triosephosphate isomerase; UGDH, UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase. The important pathways are shown in red.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The distribution of carbohydrate metabolism genes clusters in the L. plantarum LP-F1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The distribution of carbohydrate metabolism genes clusters in the L. plantarum LP-F1.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The distribution of TCSs in the L. plantarum LP-F1. The TCSs were predicted by SMART domain (http://smart.embl.de/, accessed on 9 December 2021).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Correlation analysis between the expressions of different sugar metabolism related genes.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Correlation analysis between the expressions of regulated genes and different sugar metabolism related genes.
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