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. 2021 Dec 7:9:776847.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.776847. eCollection 2021.

Global Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived With Disability of Parkinson's Disease in 204 Countries/Territories From 1990 to 2019

Zejin Ou  1   2 , Jing Pan  2   3 , Shihao Tang  3 , Danping Duan  3 , Danfeng Yu  4 , Huiqi Nong  1 , Zhi Wang  2   3
Affiliations

Global Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived With Disability of Parkinson's Disease in 204 Countries/Territories From 1990 to 2019

Zejin Ou et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasing challenge to public health. Tracking the temporal trends of PD burden would inform health strategies. Methods: Data of PD burden was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of PD were estimated using the annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) from 1990 to 2019. The EAPCs were calculated with ASR through a linear regression model. Results: The overall ASR of the incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of PD increased from 1990 to 2019, and their EAPCs were 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58-0.65), 0.52 (95% CI: 0.43-0.61), and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.44-0.62). The largest number of PD patients was seen in the groups aged more than 65 years, and the percentage rapidly increased in the population aged more than 80 years. Upward trends in the ASR of PD were observed in most settings over the past 30 years. Incident trends of ASR increased pronouncedly in the United States of America and Norway, in which the respective EAPCs were 2.87 (95% CI: 2.35-3.38) and 2.14 (95% CI: 2.00-2.29). Additionally, the largest increasing trends for prevalence and YLDs were seen in Norway, with the respective EAPCs of 2.63 (95% CI: 2.43-2.83) and 2.61 (95% CI: 2.41-2.80). However, decreasing trends in PD appeared in about 30 countries, particularly Italy and the Republic of Moldova. Conclusions: Increasing trends in the burden of PD were observed globally, and in most regions and countries from 1990 to 2019. Our findings suggested that the control and management of PD should be strengthened, especially when considering the aging tendency of the population.

Keywords: Parkinson's disease; age-standardized rate; estimated annual percentage change; global burden of disease; years lived with disability.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trends in the ASR of incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of Parkinson's disease in global, SDI areas and geographic regions from 1990 to 2019. ASR, age-standardized rate; SDI, sociodemographic index; YLDs, years lived with disability.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The distribution of Parkinson's disease incidence in age groups, SDI areas and geographic regions from 1990 to 2019. (A) was the incident number in age groups; (B) was the ASIR in SDI areas; (C) was the incident number in geographical regions. ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; SDI, sociodemographic index.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The associations between ASRs of Parkinson's disease and SDI in 2019 among regions. (A–C) were that of incidence, prevalence and YLDs, respectively. The points correspond the ASRs of the locations in the years from 1990 to 2019. The association was calculated with Pearson correlation analysis. ASR, age-standardized rate; SDI, socio-demographic index; YLDs, years lived with disability.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The distribution of ASRs, percentage changes, and EAPCs of Parkinson's disease incidence at the national level. (A) was the ASR in 2019; (B) was the percentage changes in number between 2000 and 2019; (C) was the EAPCs in countries/territories, respectively. Countries/territories with an extreme value were annotated. ASR, age-standardized rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The distribution of ASRs, percentage changes, and EAPCs of Parkinson's disease prevalence at the national level. (A) was the ASR in 2019; (B) was the percentage changes in number between 2000 and 2019; (C) was the EAPCs in countries/territories, respectively. Countries/territories with an extreme value were annotated. ASR, age-standardized rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The distribution of ASRs, percentage changes, and EAPCs of YLDs caused by Parkinson's disease at the national level. (A) was the ASR in 2019; (B) was the percentage changes in number between 2000 and 2019; (C) was the EAPCs in countries/territories, respectively. Countries/territories with an extreme value were annotated. YLDs, years lived with disability, ASR, age-standardized rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The association s between EAPCs and ASRs in 1990 at the national level. EAPCs of incidence (A), prevalence (B), YLDs (C) had negative associations with ASR in 1990, respectively. The association was calculated with Pearson correlation analysis. The size of circle is increased with the numbers in 1990. EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; ASR, age-standardized rate; YLDs, years lived with disability.
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