Clinical Trial

. 2021 Dec:2:1321-1337.

doi: 10.1038/s43018-021-00274-w. Epub 2021 Oct 27.

Adaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: The CAPTURE study

Annika Fendler^#¹, Scott T C Shepherd^#^{1

2}, Lewis Au^#^{1

2}, Katalin A Wilkinson^#^{3

4}, Mary Wu^#⁴, Fiona Byrne¹, Maddalena Cerrone^{3

5}, Andreas M Schmitt², Nalinie Joharatnam-Hogan², Benjamin Shum^{1

2}, Zayd Tippu², Karolina Rzeniewicz¹, Laura Amanda Boos², Ruth Harvey⁶, Eleanor Carlyle², Kim Edmonds², Lyra Del Rosario², Sarah Sarker², Karla Lingard², Mary Mangwende², Lucy Holt², Hamid Ahmod², Justine Korteweg², Tara Foley², Jessica Bazin⁷, William Gordon¹, Taja Barber¹, Andrea Emslie-Henry¹, Wenyi Xie¹, Camille L Gerard¹, Daqi Deng¹, Emma C Wall^{8

9}, Ana Agua-Doce¹⁰, Sina Namjou¹¹, Simon Caidan¹¹, Mike Gavrielides¹², James I MacRae¹³, Gavin Kelly¹⁴, Kema Peat², Denise Kelly², Aida Murra², Kayleigh Kelly², Molly O'Flaherty², Lauren Dowdie², Natalie Ash², Firza Gronthoud¹⁵, Robyn L Shea^{15

16}, Gail Gardner¹⁵, Darren Murray¹⁵, Fiona Kinnaird¹⁷, Wanyuan Cui¹⁸, Javier Pascual¹⁹, Simon Rodney², Justin Mencel²⁰, Olivia Curtis¹⁸, Clemency Stephenson⁷, Anna Robinson⁷, Bhavna Oza², Sheima Farag², Isla Leslie², Aljosja Rogiers², Sunil Iyengar⁷, Mark Ethell⁷, Christina Messiou²¹, David Cunningham²⁰, Ian Chau²⁰, Naureen Starling²⁰, Nicholas Turner¹⁹, Liam Welsh²², Nicholas van As²³, Robin L Jones²⁴, Joanne Droney²⁵, Susana Banerjee²⁶, Kate C Tatham²⁷, Mary O'Brien¹⁸, Kevin Harrington^{28

29}, Shreerang Bhide^{28

29}, Alicia Okines^{19

30}, Alison Reid³¹, Kate Young², Andrew J S Furness², Lisa Pickering², Charles Swanton^{32

33}; Crick COVID19 consortium; Sonia Gandhi^{34

35}, Steve Gamblin⁹, David Lv Bauer³⁶, George Kassiotis³⁷, Sacheen Kumar²⁰, Nadia Yousaf^{18

30}, Shaman Jhanji²⁷, Emma Nicholson⁷, Michael Howell³⁸, Susanna Walker²⁷, Robert J Wilkinson^{3

4

5}, James Larkin², Samra Turajlic^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
² Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
³ Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
⁴ Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.
⁵ Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁶ Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
⁷ Haemato-oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
⁸ University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
⁹ Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹⁰ Flow Cytometry Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹¹ Safety, Health & Sustainability, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹² Scientific Computing Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹³ Metabolomics Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹⁴ Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
¹⁵ Department of Pathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹⁶ Translational Cancer Biochemistry Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
¹⁷ Clinical Trials Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
¹⁸ Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
¹⁹ Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁰ Gastrointestinal Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey SM2 5PT.
²¹ Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²² Neuro-oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²³ Clinical Oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁴ Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁵ Palliative Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁶ Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁷ Anaesthetics, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁸ Head and Neck, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁹ Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
³⁰ Acute Oncology Service, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
³¹ Uro-oncology unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, SM2 5PT.
³² Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
³³ University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
³⁴ Neurodegeneration Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
³⁵ UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG.
³⁶ RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
³⁷ Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
³⁸ High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 34950880
PMCID: PMC7612125
DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00274-w

Clinical Trial

Adaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: The CAPTURE study

Annika Fendler et al. Nat Cancer. 2021 Dec.

. 2021 Dec:2:1321-1337.

doi: 10.1038/s43018-021-00274-w. Epub 2021 Oct 27.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
² Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
³ Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
⁴ Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.
⁵ Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁶ Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
⁷ Haemato-oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
⁸ University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
⁹ Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹⁰ Flow Cytometry Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹¹ Safety, Health & Sustainability, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹² Scientific Computing Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹³ Metabolomics Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹⁴ Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
¹⁵ Department of Pathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
¹⁶ Translational Cancer Biochemistry Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
¹⁷ Clinical Trials Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
¹⁸ Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
¹⁹ Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁰ Gastrointestinal Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey SM2 5PT.
²¹ Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²² Neuro-oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²³ Clinical Oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁴ Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁵ Palliative Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁶ Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁷ Anaesthetics, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁸ Head and Neck, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
²⁹ Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
³⁰ Acute Oncology Service, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
³¹ Uro-oncology unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, SM2 5PT.
³² Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
³³ University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
³⁴ Neurodegeneration Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
³⁵ UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG.
³⁶ RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
³⁷ Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
³⁸ High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 34950880
PMCID: PMC7612125
DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00274-w

Abstract

CAPTURE (NCT03226886) is a prospective cohort study of COVID-19 immunity in patients with cancer. Here we evaluated 585 patients following administration of two doses of BNT162b2 or AZD1222 vaccines, administered 12 weeks apart. Seroconversion rates after two doses were 85% and 59% in patients with solid and hematological malignancies, respectively. A lower proportion of patients had detectable neutralizing antibody titers (NAbT) against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) vs wildtype (WT). Patients with hematological malignancies were more likely to have undetectable NAbT and had lower median NAbT vs solid cancers against both WT and VOCs. In comparison with individuals without cancer, patients with haematological, but not solid, malignancies had reduced NAb responses. Seroconversion showed poor concordance with NAbT against VOCs. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection boosted NAb response including against VOCs, and anti-CD20 treatment was associated with undetectable NAbT. Vaccine-induced T-cell responses were detected in 80% of patients, and were comparable between vaccines or cancer types. Our results have implications for the management of cancer patients during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Adaptive Immunity; Antibody Response; COVID-19; Cancer; Neutralising Antibodies; Prospective Study; SARS-CoV-2; T-cell Response; Vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests ST has received speaking fees from Roche, Astra Zeneca, Novartis and Ipsen. ST has the following patents filed: Indel mutations as a therapeutic target and predictive biomarker PCTGB2018/051892 and PCTGB2018/051893 and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Biomarkers P113326GB. N.Y. has received conference support from Celegene. A.R. received a speaker fee from Merck Sharp & Dohme. J.L. has received research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Achilles Therapeutics, Roche, Nektar Therapeutics, Covance, Immunocore, Pharmacyclics, and Aveo, and served as a consultant to Achilles, AstraZeneca, Boston Biomedical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, EUSA Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Ipsen, Imugene, Incyte, iOnctura, Kymab, Merck Serono, Nektar, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Roche Genentech, Secarna, and Vitaccess. I.C. has served as a consultant to Eli-Lilly, Bristol Meyers Squibb, MSD, Bayer, Roche, Merck-Serono, Five Prime Therapeutics, Astra-Zeneca, OncXerna, Pierre Fabre, Boehringer Ingelheim, Incyte, Astella, GSK, Sotio, Eisai and has received research funding from Eli-Lilly & Janssen-Cilag. He has received honorarium from Eli-Lilly, Eisai, Servier. A.O. acknowledges receipt of research funding from Pfizer and Roche; speakers fees from Pfizer, Seagen, Lilly and AstraZeneca; is an advisory board member of Roche, Seagen, and AstraZeneca; has received conference support from Leo Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca/Diachi-Sankyo and Lilly. C.S. acknowledges grant support from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche-Ventana, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Archer Dx Inc (collaboration in minimal residual disease sequencing technologies) and Ono Pharmaceutical, is an AstraZeneca Advisory Board member and Chief Investigator for the MeRmaiD1 clinical trial, has consulted for Amgen, Pfizer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, AstraZeneca, Illumina, Genentech, Roche-Ventana, GRAIL, Medicxi, Metabomed, Bicycle Therapeutics, and the Sarah Cannon Research Institute, has stock options in Apogen Biotechnologies, Epic Bioscience, GRAIL, and has stock options and is co-founder of Achilles Therapeutics. Patents: C.S. holds European patents relating to assay technology to detect tumour recurrence (PCT/GB2017/053289); to targeting neoantigens (PCT/EP2016/059401), identifying patent response to immune checkpoint blockade (PCT/EP2016/071471), determining HLA LOH (PCT/GB2018/052004), predicting survival rates of patients with cancer (PCT/GB2020/050221), identifying patients who respond to cancer treatment (PCT/GB2018/051912), a US patent relating to detecting tumour mutations (PCT/US2017/28013) and both a European and US patent related to identifying insertion/deletion mutation targets (PCT/GB2018/051892). L.P. has received research funding from Pierre Fabre, and honoria from Pfizer, Ipsen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and EUSA Pharma. S.B. has recieved institutional research funding from Astrazeneca, Tesaro, GSK; speakers fees from Amgen, Pfizer, Astrazeneca, Tesaro, GSK, Clovis, Takeda, Immunogen, Mersana and has an advisor role for Amgen, Astrazeneca, Epsilogen, Genmab, Immunogen, Mersana, MSD, Merck Serono, Oncxerna, Pfizer, Roche. W.C. has received honoraria from Janssen and AstraZeneca. Remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

**Figure 1. Seroconversion in cancer patients after COVID-19 vaccination**
a) Sampling and analysis schema within the CAPTURE study. Baseline samples were collected immediately before the first dose. Follow-up samples were collected: 2-4 weeks post-first dose (FU1), on the day and immediately before the second dose (FU2; ie, the additional post-first dose timepoint implemented due to delayed 12 week dosing interval), and 2-4 weeks post-second dose (FU3). S1-reactive antibody (i.e., seroconversion) and neutralising antibody assays were performed in all available follow-up samples from 585 patients. b) Proportion of infection naive patients (n= 328/323/256/312 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3) with S1-reactive antibodies at each timepoint. Differences were analysed using Chi-Square test. p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. c) proportion of infection patients with S1-reactive Ab grouped by solid (n= 270/234/192/234 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3) and haematological malignancies (n=58/89/64/78 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3). Differences were analysed by the Chi-Square test. p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Ab, antibodies; BL, baseline; FU1, 21-56 days post first-vaccine; FU2, 14-28 days prior to second-vaccine; FU3, 14-28days post second-vaccine

**Figure 2. Neutralising antibodies against WT SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs**
a) NAbT in infection-naive patients were categorised as undetectable/low (<40), medium (40-256), or high (>256) are shown for WT SARS-CoV-2 and the three VOCs. Differences were analysed using Chi-Square test. p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Numbers in the panel indicate sample numbers. b) NAbT in infection-naive patients against WT SARS-CoV-2, Alpha, Beta, and Delta VOCs. Median fold-decrease in NAbT is shown for each VOC in comparison to WT SARS-CoV-2 (n= 318/316/253/307 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3). Dotted line at <40 denotes the lower limit of detection, dotted line at >2560 denotes the upper limit of detection. Violin plots denote density of data points. PointRange denotes the median and the 25 and 75 percentiles. Dots represent individual samples. Samples from individual patients are connected. Significance was tested by Kruskal Wallis test, p < 0.05 was considered significant, post-hoc test: two-sided Mann Whitney-U test with Bonferroni correction was used for pairwise comparisons. Only comparisons with the prior timepoint are denoted in the graph. c) Comparison of NAbT in infection-naive patients with solid (n= 262/232/189/232 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3) vs haematological malignancies patients (n= 56/84/64/75 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3). Dotted line at <40 denotes the lower limit of detection, dotted line at >2560 denotes the upper limit of detection. Violin plots denote density of data points. PointRange denotes the median and the 25 and 75 percentiles. Dots represent individual samples. Significance was tested by two-sided Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05 was considered significant. NAbT, neutralising antibody titre. NA, not tested. BL, baseline; FU1, 21-56 days post firstvaccine; FU2, 14-28 days prior to second-vaccine; FU3, 14-28days post second-vaccine.

**Figure 3. Neutralising response against WT SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection status and type of COVID-19 vaccine**
a) Comparison of NAbT against WT SARS-CoV-2, Alpha, Beta, and Delta in patients with previous infection before vaccination vs infection naive patients post-second dose (n= 133/306 patients at BL/FU3). Significance was tested by two-sided Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05 was considered significant. b) Comparison of NAbT against WT SARS-CoV-2, Alpha, Beta, and Delta in infection naive (n= 318/316/253/307 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3) vs patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n= 133/163/115/144 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3). c) Comparison of NAbT against WT SARS-CoV-2, Alpha, Beta, and Delta in infection-naive patients receiving AZ (n= 262/246/212/229 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3) vs PZ (n= 56/70/41/77 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3, 1 patient with unknown vaccine type not included), and d) in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection receiving AZ (n= 99/117/92/91 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3) vs PZ (n=34/46/23/53) patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3). Dotted line at <40 denotes the lower limit of detection, dotted line at >2560 denotes the upper limit of detection. Violin plots denote density of data points. PointRange denotes the median and the 25 and 75 percentiles. Dots represent individual samples. Significance in b-d was tested by two sided Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05 was considered significant. AZ, AstraZeneca; NAbT, neutralising antibody titres; PZ, Pfizer; VOC, variant of concern. NA, not tested. BL, baseline; FU1, 21-56 days post first-vaccine; FU2, 14-28 days prior to second-vaccine; FU3, 1428days post second-vaccine.

**Figure 4. WT SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses in cancer patients following vaccination**
a) Exemplar ELISPOT illustrating WT SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response. PBMC were stimulated with 15-mer peptide pools spanning the S1 or S2 subunit of spike. T-cell responses represent the sum of SFU/10⁶ PBMC after stimulation with WT S1 or S2 peptide pools. b) SFU/10⁶ PBMC in infection-naive patients after vaccination (n= 165/195/122/160 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3). Dotted line at <24 denotes the threshold for positivity. Violin plots denote density, PointRange the median and 25 and 75 percentiles. Dots represent individual samples. Samples from individual patients are connected. Significance was tested by Kruskal Wallis test, post-hoc test: two-sided Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. Only comparisons with the prior timepoint are denoted in the graph. c) Comparison of SFU/10⁶ PBMC in patients with (n= 70/88/49/69 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3) and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (n= 165/195/122/160 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3) and in d) patients with solid (n= 136/161/98/130 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3) vs haematological malignancies (n= 29/34/24/30 patients at BL/FU1/FU2/FU3). Violin plots denote density, PointRange the median and 25 and 75 percentiles. Dots represent individual samples. Significance in c-d was tested by two-sided Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test. e) Binary logistic regression of SFU per million PBMCs in patients with solid tumours vs haematological malignancies. Dots denote odds ratio (blue, positive odds ratio red, negative odds ratio); whiskers denote the IQR times 1.5. f) Comparison of SFU per million in patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours pre-first dose and post-second dose. Dotted line at <24 denotes the lower limit of detection. Violin plots denote density. PointRange denotes the median and the 25 and 75 percentiles. Dots represent individual samples. Significance was tested by Kruskal Wallis test, p < 0.05 was considered significant, post-hoc test: two sided Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; NC, negative control; PC, positive control; SFU, spot-forming unit. BL, baseline; FU1, 21-56 days post first-vaccine; FU2, 14-28 days prior to second-vaccine; FU3, 14-28days post second-vaccine.

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References

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Adaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: The CAPTURE study

Affiliations

Adaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: The CAPTURE study

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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