A Failure to Guide: Patient Experiences within a State-Run Cannabis Program in Pennsylvania, United States

Abstract

Introduction: Medical cannabis has been available for purchase in dispensaries in Pennsylvania, United States since April 2018. Patients wanting to access medical cannabis must receive certification from physicians for a limited number of physical and psychological conditions. Despite increasing numbers of patients using cannabis in the United States, little is known about the patient experience during certification and entry into state-regulated cannabis programs and how and if they are guided by health care professionals and dispensary staff. Through focus group discussions, we sought to capture patient perspectives of certification, cannabis acquisition and cannabis use.

Methods: Twenty-seven Pennsylvania participants took part in 7 virtual focus groups from June to July 2020. Participants were recruited statewide from the community, medical settings, and dispensaries.

Results: Focus group results indicate that while the medical cannabis program is functional, policymakers and the medical community have failed to meaningfully integrate cannabis into the health care system. Participants expressed frustration around two central themes: there was no overarching education about medical use of cannabis and there was little consistency and availability for people once they found a suitable product, resulting in inadequate symptom relief and exorbitant out of pocket costs to pursue cannabis use as an adjuvant therapeutic. Participants noted a siloed experience between the certification process, accessing dispensaries, and receiving ongoing medical care. The lack of integrated care required high levels of self-reliance and experimentation with medical cannabis for participants.

Conclusion: We recommend that cannabis be better integrated into medical care for patients with qualifying conditions.

Keywords: Cannabis; cannabis certification; cannabis patients; cannabis policy; dispensaries; medical cannabis.