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Review
. 2021 Dec 9;13(12):2127.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122127.

Polymeric Materials for Hemostatic Wound Healing

Suvash Ghimire  1 , Pritha Sarkar  1 , Kasey Rigby  1 , Aditya Maan  1   2 , Santanu Mukherjee  1 , Kaitlyn E Crawford  1   2   3   4 , Kausik Mukhopadhyay  1
Affiliations
Review

Polymeric Materials for Hemostatic Wound Healing

Suvash Ghimire et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

Hemorrhage is one of the greatest threats to life on the battlefield, accounting for 50% of total deaths. Nearly 86% of combat deaths occur within the first 30 min after wounding. While external wound injuries can be treated mostly using visual inspection, abdominal or internal hemorrhages are more challenging to treat with regular hemostatic dressings because of deep wounds and points of injury that cannot be located properly. The need to treat trauma wounds from limbs, abdomen, liver, stomach, colon, spleen, arterial, venous, and/or parenchymal hemorrhage accompanied by severe bleeding requires an immediate solution that the first responders can apply to reduce rapid exsanguinations from external wounds, including in military operations. This necessitates the development of a unique, easy-to-use, FDA-approved hemostatic treatment that can deliver the agent in less than 30 s and stop bleeding within the first 1 to 2 min at the point of injury without application of manual pressure on the wounded area.

Keywords: blood; hemostasis; hydrogels; metals; nanoparticles; polymer; wound.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Representative chemical structures of naturally occurring hemostatic polymers.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Selective results for hemostatic properties of GelMA:HA-NB matrix hydrogel prepared using rapid polymerization using UV light radiation. (a) Schematic showing a surgical procedure in a pig cardiac puncture injury model. (b) Images showing the real surgical procedure, application of hydrogel, and hemostatic efficacy of hydrogel, where hydrogel stops bleeding completely within 30 s in a 6 mm pig cardiac injury. (c) SEM images showing the interface between hydrogel and pig’s heart obtained from immediate postoperative autopsy on the heart of a pig. (d,e) Heart autopsy and tissue staining images of the interface between hydrogel and hearts of a pig after two weeks of post-operative recovery. Adapted with permission from [32]. Copyright © 2019, Springer Nature.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Representative chemical structures of synthetic hemostatic polymers.
Figure 4
Figure 4
PolySTAT synthesis mechanism and its hemostatic performance. Adapted with permission from [134]. Copyright © 2020, American chemical society.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Flowable Hemostats market: 2019–2027 [165].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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