Iodine: Its Role in Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Beyond
- PMID: 34960019
- PMCID: PMC8709459
- DOI: 10.3390/nu13124469
Iodine: Its Role in Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Beyond
Abstract
The present review deals with the functional roles of iodine and its metabolism. The main biological function of iodine concerns its role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THs) by the thyroid gland. In addition, however, further biological roles of iodine have emerged. Precisely, due to its significant action as scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), iodine is thought to represent one of the oldest antioxidants in living organisms. Moreover, iodine oxidation to hypoiodite (IO-) has been shown to possess strong bactericidal as well as antiviral and antifungal activity. Finally, and importantly, iodine has been demonstrated to exert antineoplastic effects in human cancer cell lines. Thus, iodine, through the action of different tissue-specific peroxidases, may serve different evolutionarily conserved physiological functions that, beyond TH biosynthesis, encompass antioxidant activity and defense against pathogens and cancer progression.
Keywords: antioxidants; cancer; iodine; iodine prophylaxis; peroxidase; pregnancy; thyroid hormone biosynthesis.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Similar articles
-
On the importance of selenium and iodine metabolism for thyroid hormone biosynthesis and human health.Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Nov;52(11):1235-46. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200700465. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008. PMID: 18686295 Review.
-
Chemistry and Biology in the Biosynthesis and Action of Thyroid Hormones.Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016 Jun 27;55(27):7606-30. doi: 10.1002/anie.201601116. Epub 2016 May 25. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016. PMID: 27226395 Review.
-
Cross-kingdom hormonal signaling: an insight from thyroid hormone functions in marine larvae.J Exp Biol. 2005 Dec;208(Pt 23):4355-61. doi: 10.1242/jeb.01877. J Exp Biol. 2005. PMID: 16339856 Review.
-
The measurement of the iodine-accumulating function of the human thyroid gland.J Clin Invest. 1949 Mar;28(2):217-27. J Clin Invest. 1949. PMID: 18115035 No abstract available.
-
Iodine metabolism and thyroid physiology: current concepts.Thyroid. 1997 Apr;7(2):177-81. doi: 10.1089/thy.1997.7.177. Thyroid. 1997. PMID: 9133680 Review.
Cited by
-
The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function.Nutrients. 2024 Jul 31;16(15):2496. doi: 10.3390/nu16152496. Nutrients. 2024. PMID: 39125376 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Evaluation of Renessans (Iodine Complex Molecule) Safety in Human Beings: An Open-Labeled Clinical Study.Dose Response. 2022 Oct 10;20(4):15593258221129777. doi: 10.1177/15593258221129777. eCollection 2022 Oct-Dec. Dose Response. 2022. PMID: 36246169 Free PMC article.
-
Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 4 (SLC26A4), A Potential Therapeutic Target for Asthma.J Respir Biol Transl Med. 2024 Jun;1(2):10011. doi: 10.35534/jrbtm.2024.10011. Epub 2024 Jun 25. J Respir Biol Transl Med. 2024. PMID: 39100210 Free PMC article.
-
Fighting Obesity-Related Micronutrient Deficiencies through Biofortification of Agri-Food Crops with Sustainable Fertilization Practices.Plants (Basel). 2022 Dec 12;11(24):3477. doi: 10.3390/plants11243477. Plants (Basel). 2022. PMID: 36559589 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Iodized Salt May Not Be Sufficient to Guarantee an Adequate Iodine Intake in Pregnant Women.Nutrients. 2023 Sep 27;15(19):4182. doi: 10.3390/nu15194182. Nutrients. 2023. PMID: 37836466 Free PMC article.
References
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources