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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Dec 14;13(12):4464.
doi: 10.3390/nu13124464.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Prediabetes: A Meta-Analysis

Yujing Zhang  1 , Yuan Xue  1 , Dongdong Zhang  1 , Yaping Liu  1 , Ze Xu  1 , Jiaojiao Gao  1 , Wenjie Li  1 , Xing Li  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Prediabetes: A Meta-Analysis

Yujing Zhang et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Clinical research results of vitamin D supplementation in the improvement of prediabetes remain controversial. Accordingly, a literature search was conducted of PubMed, Embase (Ovid), and Web of Science prior to 9 November 2021. Randomized controlled studies reported that the following indicators were included: body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose (2h-PG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), and fasting insulin (FINS). Twenty-nine articles (N = 3792) were included in the present meta-analysis. Intriguingly, vitamin D supplementation resulted in a vast improvement in FBG (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.38; 95%CI: -0.59, -0.16), HbA1c (SMD = -0.14; 95%CI: -0.22, -0.06) and FINS (SMD = 0.18; 95%CI: -0.26, -0.09), but not in other outcomes. However, preferred changes were observed in subgroups, as follows: Asia (SMD2h-PG = -0.25, 95%CI: -0.45, -0.04), study duration ≥1 year (SMDHOMA-IR = -0.44, 95%CI: -0.81, -0.06) (SMDHOMA-B = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.66), baseline 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L (SMD2h-PG = -0.23, 95%CI: -0.39, -0.06), and baseline 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L (SMDHOMA-IR = -0.50, 95%CI: -0.96, -0.03). In conclusion, oral supplementation of vitamin D has shown better effects in improving FBG, HbA1c, and FINS compared with controls among prediabetics; long-term vitamin D supplementation could have additional effects in participants with vitamin D deficiency for 2h-PG, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B.

Keywords: glycemic control; meta-analysis; prediabetes; vitamin D.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors confirm that they have no conflict of interest to report.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram of the selected studies, indicating the used exclusion criteria. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; FBG: fasting blood glucose; 2h-PG: 2 h oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR: insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment; HOMA-B: homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; FINS: fasting insulin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on fasting blood glucose in prediabetes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin A1c in prediabetes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on fasting serum insulin in prediabetes.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Funnel plot of fasting blood glucose changes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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