Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Dec 15:8:760265.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.760265. eCollection 2021.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Avoidance of Health Care, Symptom Severity, and Mental Well-Being in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Nathalie Maehl  1 , Markus Bleckwenn  1 , Steffi G Riedel-Heller  2 , Sebastian Mehlhorn  3 , Stefan Lippmann  1 , Tobias Deutsch  1 , Anne Schrimpf  1
Affiliations

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Avoidance of Health Care, Symptom Severity, and Mental Well-Being in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Nathalie Maehl et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic affected regular health care for patients with chronic diseases. However, the impact of the pandemic on primary care for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who are enrolled in a structured disease management program (DMP) in Germany is not clear. We investigated whether the pandemic affected primary care and health outcomes of DMP-CAD patients (n = 750) by using a questionnaire assessing patients' utilization of medical care, CAD symptoms, as well as health behavior and mental health since March 2020. We found that out of concern about getting infected with COVID-19, 9.1% of the patients did not consult a medical practitioner despite having CAD symptoms. Perceived own influence on infection risk was lower and anxiety was higher in these patients compared to symptomatic CAD patients who consulted a physician. Among the patients who reported chest pain lasting longer than 30 min, one third did not consult a medical practitioner subsequently. These patients were generally more worried about COVID-19. Patients with at least one worsening CAD symptom (chest pain, dyspnea, perspiration, or nausea without apparent reason) since the pandemic showed more depressive symptoms, higher anxiety scores, and were less likely to consult a doctor despite having CAD symptoms out of fear of infection. Our results provide evidence that the majority of patients received sufficient medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. However, one in ten patients could be considered particularly at risk for medical undersupply and adverse health outcomes. The perceived infection risk with COVID-19 might have facilitated the decision not to consult a medical doctor.

Keywords: Disease Management Program (DMP); SARS-CoV-2; angina pectoris; anxiety; coronary heart disease (CHD); depressive symptoms; primary care; treatment-seeking.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Data were collected in Central Germany. The size of the blue dots indicates the share of patients with coronary artery disease in each location.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart of recruitment process. DMP-CAD, Disease management program for coronary artery disease.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Association of depressive symptoms with (A) higher symptom severity measured with the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Classification (CCSA), (B) higher risk for an unstable angina pectoris, and (C) a worsening of CAD symptoms since the outbreak of the pandemic.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Association of depressive symptoms with (A) a reduced frequency of leaving home since the pandemic and (B) a reduced frequency of family visits since the pandemic. *Highlights a significant difference between the results.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Attitude toward COVID-19 in consideration of individual risks.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M, WHO. declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomedica. (2020) 91:157–60. 10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. COVID Surg Collaborative. Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. British Journal of Surgery. (2020) 107:1440–9. 10.1002/bjs.11746 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Günster C, Drogan D, Hentschker C, Klauber J, Malzahn J, Schillinger G, et al. . WIdO-Report : Entwicklung der Krankenhausfallzahlen während des Coronavirus-Lockdowns. Berlin: Nach ICD-Diagnosekapiteln und ausgewählten Behandlungsanlässen. (2020).
    1. Mainous AG, Saxena S, de Rochars VMB, MacCeus D. COVID-19 highlights health promotion and chronic disease prevention amid health disparities. Br J Gen Pract. (2020) 70:372–3. 10.3399/bjgp20X711785 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tibaut M, Mekis D, Petrovic D. Pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and acute management strategies. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. (2016) 14:150–9. 10.2174/1871525714666161216100553 - DOI - PubMed