Impact of Schroth three-dimensional vs. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized controlled study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and compare its effect to the Schroth exercises on scoliosis angle, static plantar pressure distribution, and functional capacity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Patients and methods: Thirty-four girls (aged 14-16 years) with thoracolumbar curves were randomly distributed into two study groups of equal numbers. The Schroth group underwent Schroth exercises, whereas the PNF group underwent treatment using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Patients in both groups received treatment for one hour, three times per week for six successive months. Measurements of Cobb's angle, angle trunk rotation, total static plantar pressure on both lower limbs, and functional capacity using the six-minute walk test were performed just before and after six months of treatment.

Results: A significant decrease in Cobb's angle and right total static plantar pressure with a significant increase in left total static plantar pressure post-treatment was noted in both groups, with a higher effect in the Schroth group. A significant increase was recorded in the six-minute walk test with a decrease in angle trunk rotation in the Schroth group, while no significant changes were recorded in the PNF group.

Conclusions: Based on the results obtained in this study, this program of PNF patterns did not show a significant improvement in angle trunk rotation, which is a critical aspect in correction of the curve in comparison to the Schroth exercises. These proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns are not recommended for the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.