Beyond Prostate Specific Antigen: New Prostate Cancer Screening Options
- PMID: 34983086
- PMCID: PMC8761236
- DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210076
Beyond Prostate Specific Antigen: New Prostate Cancer Screening Options
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is one of the best-known biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and follow-up of patients for prostate cancer. Owing to several inherent limitations with PSA, various newer blood and urinary based biomarkers have been evaluated in pursuit of better detection and risk stratification of prostate cancer cases. A combination of these different markers, in adjunct with clinical risk factors, and recent advances in imaging promises to offer better diagnostic performance with clearer risk stratification guiding therapeutics. We carried out an extensive literature search for the different biomarkers available for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer, compared their performance with serum PSA to allow clinicians to draw meaningful conclusions to offer their patients a more personalized medical care.
Keywords: Biomarkers; Prostate cancer; Prostate specific antigen; Screening.
Copyright © 2022 Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors have nothing to disclose.
References
-
- Brawer MK. Prostate-specific antigen: current status. CA Cancer J Clin. 1999;49:264–281. - PubMed
-
- Lilja H, Ulmert D, Vickers AJ. Prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer: prediction, detection and monitoring. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8:268–278. - PubMed
-
- Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, Parnes HL, et al. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2239–2246. - PubMed
Publication types
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Research Materials
Miscellaneous