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. 2021 Dec 14;6(51):35484-35493.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04942. eCollection 2021 Dec 28.

Effect of Different TiO2 Morphologies on the Activity of Immobilized Lipase for Biodiesel Production

Kholoud El-Kady  1 , Mai Raslan  1 , Ayman H Zaki  2
Affiliations

Effect of Different TiO2 Morphologies on the Activity of Immobilized Lipase for Biodiesel Production

Kholoud El-Kady et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Lipase catalytic activity is greatly influenced by immobilization on nanoparticles. In this study, lipase from Aspergillus niger was immobilized on TiO2 nanoparticles with different morphologies: microspheres, nanotubes, and nanosheets. All TiO2 samples were prepared by a hydrothermal method. Lipase/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by a physical adsorption method through hydrophobic interactions. The prepared composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The catalytic activity of free and immobilized lipases was tested using sunflower oil in the presence of methanol to produce biodiesel at 40 °C for 90 min. The lipase immobilized on TiO2 microspheres showed the highest activity compared to the lipase immobilized on TiO2 nanotubes and nanosheets. To optimize the lipase-to-microsphere ratio, lipase was immobilized on TiO2 microspheres in different microspheres/lipase, w/w, (S/L) ratios of 1:1, 1:0.75, 1:0.5, and 1:0.25. It was noticed that the hydrolytic activity follows the order 1:0.25 > 1:0.5 > 1:75 > 1:1. The immobilization yield activities were found to be 113, 123, 125, and 130% for the microspheres/lipase (S/L) ratios of 1:1, 1:0.75, 1:0.5, and 1:0.25, respectively.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Preparation steps of immobilized lipase.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Transesterification steps of sunflower to biodiesel.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FTIR of lipase, TiO2, and their nanocomposites (L-T, L-Sh, L-S).
Figure 4
Figure 4
HRTEM images of (a, b) T-LIP, (c, d) Sh-LIP, and (e, f) S-LIP nanocomposites.
Figure 5
Figure 5
HRTEM images of (a, b) 1S:0.75lip, (c, d) 1S:0.5lip, and (e, f) 1S:0.25lip nanocomposites.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FESEM images and elemental mapping of lipase/microsphere composite.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Interfacial activation and effect of enzyme loading on activity.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Biodiesel yield using lipase supported over nanotubes, nanosheets, and microspheres.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Biodiesel yield using different ratios of microspheres to lipase.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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