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. 2022 Jan:82:105806.
doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105806. Epub 2021 Oct 22.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of functional compound from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf using response surface methodology and effect of microencapsulation by spray drying on quality of optimized extract

Supasit Insang  1 , Isaya Kijpatanasilp  1 , Saeid Jafari  1 , Kitipong Assatarakul  2
Affiliations

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of functional compound from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf using response surface methodology and effect of microencapsulation by spray drying on quality of optimized extract

Supasit Insang et al. Ultrason Sonochem. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) condition of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) using response surface methodology and to microencapsulate MLE by spray drying using different coating materials and ratios of coating material and MLE. The extraction results showed that MLE from condition of 60 °C (X1, temperature), 30 min (X2, time) and 60% v/v (X3, ethanol concentration) exhibited the highest bioactive compound and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assay). Based on this optimal condition, MLE was further encapsulated by spray drying. It was found that MLE encapsulated with resistant maltodextrin at ratio of MLE and resistant maltodextrin 1:1 (w/w) showed the highest encapsulation yield (%) and encapsulation efficiency (%). Water solubility, moisture content and water activity were non-significant (p > 0.05) among the microcapsules. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the types of coating material affected their microstructures and microcapsules prepared by resistant maltodextrin as coating material had a spherical shape, smooth surface and less shrinkage than microcapsules prepared by maltodextrin and gum arabic which had rough surfaces. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained from microcapsule prepared by gum arabic at ratio of MLE and gam arabic 1:2 (w/w). In conclusion, optimal condition from UAE and encapsulation by spray drying suggest the critical potential for production of functional food with improved bioactive compound stability and maximized antioxidant activity.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Microencapsulation; Mulberry leaf; Response surface methodology; Spray drying; Ultrasound-assisted extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Response surface plots (3D) of total phenolic compound (TPC) as a function of significant interaction between factors; (a) temperature and time; (b) temperature and ethanol concentration; (c) time and ethanol concentration of mulberry leaf extract.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Response surface plots (3D) of total flavonoid content (TFC) as a function of significant interaction between factors; (a) temperature and time; (b) temperature and ethanol concentration; (c) time and ethanol concentration of mulberry leaf extract.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Response surface plots (3D) of antioxidant activity (DPPH) as a function of significant interaction between factors; (a) temperature and time; (b) temperature and ethanol concentration; (c) time and ethanol concentration of mulberry leaf extract.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Response surface plots (3D) of antioxidant activity (FRAP) as a function of significant interaction between factors; (a) temperature and time; (b) temperature and ethanol concentration; (c) time and ethanol concentration of mulberry leaf extract.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Scanning electron microscopy at 500 × and 1000 × magnification of mulberry leaf extract microcapsules (left to right, respectively); maltodextrin encapsulation at the ratio 1: 1 (a), Maltodextrin encapsulation at the ratio 1:2 (b), Resistant maltodextrin encapsulation at the ratio 1:1 (c), Resistant maltodextrin encapsulation at the ratio 1:2 (d), Gum arabic encapsulation at the ratio 1: 2 (e), and Gum arabic encapsulation at the ratio 1:3 (f).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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