Dielectric-Modulated Biosensing with Ultrahigh-Frequency-Operated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors
- PMID: 34994022
- DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106666
Dielectric-Modulated Biosensing with Ultrahigh-Frequency-Operated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors
Abstract
Owing to their excellent electrical properties and chemical stability, graphene field-effect transistors (Gr-FET) are extensively studied for biosensing applications. However, hinging on surface interactions of charged biomolecules, the sensitivity of Gr-FET is hampered by ionic screening under physiological conditions with high salt concentrations up to frequencies as high as MHz. Here, an electrolyte-gated Gr-FET in reflectometry mode at ultrahigh frequencies (UHF, around 2 GHz), where the ionic screening is fully cancelled and the dielectric sensitivity of the device allows the Gr-FET to directly function in high-salt solutions, is configured. Strikingly, by simultaneous characterization using electrolyte gating and UHF reflectometry, the developed graphene biosensors offer unprecedented capability for real-time monitoring of dielectric-specified biomolecular/cell interactions/activities, with superior limit of detection compared to that of previously reported nanoscale high-frequency sensors. These achievements highlight the unique potential of ultrahigh-frequency operation for unblocking the true potential of graphene biosensors for point-of-care diagnostic.
Keywords: dielectric modulation; field effect; graphene biosensors; ionic screening; ultrahigh frequency.
© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Grants and funding
- 51788104/Basic Science Center Project of NSFC
- 52073160/National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 52173007/National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2020YFF01014706/National Key Research and Development Program of China
- SNSF P300P2-164663/Swiss Science Foundation
- SNSF 364 P300P2_154557/Swiss Science Foundation
- European Commission Horizon 2020-Research and Innovation Framework Programme
- 749671/Marie Sklodowska-Curie actions Individual Fellowship
- FP/2007-2013/European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme
- 335879/ERC
- NWO-VIDI 723.013.007/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
- NWO-VENI 722.014.004/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
- 749671/FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions
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