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. 2022 Jan 10;1(1):CD002990.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002990.pub4.

Self-management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Jade Schrijver  1   2 , Anke Lenferink  1   3 , Marjolein Brusse-Keizer  3   4 , Marlies Zwerink  5 , Paul Dlpm van der Valk  1 , Job van der Palen  2   4 , Tanja W Effing  6   7
Affiliations

Self-management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Jade Schrijver et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Self-management interventions help people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to acquire and practise the skills they need to carry out disease-specific medical regimens, guide changes in health behaviour and provide emotional support to enable them to control their disease. Since the 2014 update of this review, several studies have been published.

Objectives: Primary objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of COPD self-management interventions compared to usual care in terms of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and respiratory-related hospital admissions. To evaluate the safety of COPD self-management interventions compared to usual care in terms of respiratory-related mortality and all-cause mortality. Secondary objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of COPD self-management interventions compared to usual care in terms of other health outcomes and healthcare utilisation. To evaluate effective characteristics of COPD self-management interventions.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Airways Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, trials registries and the reference lists of included studies up until January 2020.

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-randomised trials (CRTs) published since 1995. To be eligible for inclusion, self-management interventions had to include at least two intervention components and include an iterative process between participant and healthcare provider(s) in which goals were formulated and feedback was given on self-management actions by the participant.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed trial quality and extracted data. We resolved disagreements by reaching consensus or by involving a third review author. We contacted study authors to obtain additional information and missing outcome data where possible. Primary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL), number of respiratory-related hospital admissions, respiratory-related mortality, and all-cause mortality. When appropriate, we pooled study results using random-effects modelling meta-analyses.

Main results: We included 27 studies involving 6008 participants with COPD. The follow-up time ranged from two-and-a-half to 24 months and the content of the interventions was diverse. Participants' mean age ranged from 57 to 74 years, and the proportion of male participants ranged from 33% to 98%. The post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of participants ranged from 33.6% to 57.0%. The FEV1/FVC ratio is a measure used to diagnose COPD and to determine the severity of the disease. Studies were conducted on four different continents (Europe (n = 15), North America (n = 8), Asia (n = 1), and Oceania (n = 4); with one study conducted in both Europe and Oceania). Self-management interventions likely improve HRQoL, as measured by the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score (lower score represents better HRQoL) with a mean difference (MD) from usual care of -2.86 points (95% confidence interval (CI) -4.87 to -0.85; 14 studies, 2778 participants; low-quality evidence). The pooled MD of -2.86 did not reach the SGRQ minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of four points. Self-management intervention participants were also at a slightly lower risk for at least one respiratory-related hospital admission (odds ratio (OR) 0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.98; 15 studies, 3263 participants; very low-quality evidence). The number needed to treat to prevent one respiratory-related hospital admission over a mean of 9.75 months' follow-up was 15 (95% CI 8 to 399) for participants with high baseline risk and 26 (95% CI 15 to 677) for participants with low baseline risk. No differences were observed in respiratory-related mortality (risk difference (RD) 0.01, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.04; 8 studies, 1572 participants ; low-quality evidence) and all-cause mortality (RD -0.01, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.01; 24 studies, 5719 participants; low-quality evidence). We graded the evidence to be of 'moderate' to 'very low' quality according to GRADE. All studies had a substantial risk of bias, because of lack of blinding of participants and personnel to the interventions, which is inherently impossible in a self-management intervention. In addition, risk of bias was noticeably increased because of insufficient information regarding a) non-protocol interventions, and b) analyses to estimate the effect of adhering to interventions. Consequently, the highest GRADE evidence score that could be obtained by studies was 'moderate'.

Authors' conclusions: Self-management interventions for people with COPD are associated with improvements in HRQoL, as measured with the SGRQ, and a lower probability of respiratory-related hospital admissions. No excess respiratory-related and all-cause mortality risks were observed, which strengthens the view that COPD self-management interventions are unlikely to cause harm. By using stricter inclusion criteria, we decreased heterogeneity in studies, but also reduced the number of included studies and therefore our capacity to conduct subgroup analyses. Data were therefore still insufficient to reach clear conclusions about effective (intervention) characteristics of COPD self-management interventions. As tailoring of COPD self-management interventions to individuals is desirable, heterogeneity is and will likely remain present in self-management interventions. For future studies, we would urge using only COPD self-management interventions that include iterative interactions between participants and healthcare professionals who are competent using behavioural change techniques (BCTs) to elicit participants' motivation, confidence and competence to positively adapt their health behaviour(s) and develop skills to better manage their disease. In addition, to inform further subgroup and meta-regression analyses and to provide stronger conclusions regarding effective COPD self-management interventions, there is a need for more homogeneity in outcome measures. More attention should be paid to behavioural outcome measures and to providing more detailed, uniform and transparently reported data on self-management intervention components and BCTs. Assessment of outcomes over the long term is also recommended to capture changes in people's behaviour. Finally, information regarding non-protocol interventions as well as analyses to estimate the effect of adhering to interventions should be included to increase the quality of evidence.

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Conflict of interest statement

JS: is a researcher, employed by Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. She received funding to complete work on this review from the Dutch Foundation for Asthma Prevention, that was in no way able to influence the results of the review.

AL: is an epidemiologist and an assistant professor at the Health Technology and Services Research section, University of Twente, the Netherlands. She is also a researcher at Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. She coordinated the Lenferink 2019* study, included in this review. She has no conflict of interest with regard to the current review.

MB‐K: is an epidemiologist, employed by Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. She is also a researcher at the Health Technology and Services Research section, University of Twente, the Netherlands. She was involved in the study of Tabak 2014**, included in this review. She has no conflict of interest with regard to the current review.

MZ: is a data‐analyst and an epidemiologist, employed by Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. She coordinated the previous update of this review (Zwerink 2014).

PvdV: is a medical doctor, pulmonologist and respiratory researcher at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. He was involved in the Lenferink 2019* and Tabak 2014** studies, both included in this review. He has no conflict of interest with regard to the current review.

JvdP: is Professor of Evaluation and Assessment in Health Research at University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. He is also an epidemiologist and research coordinator at Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. He was involved in the Lenferink 2019* and Tabak 2014** studies, both included in this review. He has no conflict of interest with regard to the current review.

TE: is an epidemiologist affiliated with Flinders University and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. She was involved in the Lenferink 2019* study, included in this review. She has no conflict of interest with regard to the current review.

* The Lenferink 2019 study was supported by the Lung Foundation Netherlands (grant number 3.4.11.061), Lung Foundation Australia (Australian Lung Foundation Boehringer Ingelheim COPD Research Fellowship 2010), Repat Foundation, GlaxoSmithKline (unrestricted grant) and Dutch Foundation for Asthma Prevention. ** The Tabak 2014 study was supported by the NL Agency, a division of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (grant CALLOP9089).

Figures

1
1
*FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7 **The previous version of this review included both RCTs and non‐RCTs #References included full‐text articles, trial register abstracts, conference abstracts, and sub‐studies ##One study could not be included in any meta‐analyses because of insufficient available data RCT: Randomised controlled trial; CRT: Cluster‐randomised controlled trial
2
2
Risk of bias overview for each outcome according to authors' judgements
3
3
Forest plot of comparison: self‐management versus usual care, outcome: 1.1 HRQoL: adjusted SGRQ total score (primary analysis)
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Forest plot of comparison: Self‐management versus usual care, outcome: 1.2 HRQoL: adjusted SGRQ total score (secondary analysis)
5
5
Forest plot of comparison: self‐management versus usual care, outcome: 1.4 Healthcare utilisation: respiratory‐related hospital admissions (number of participants with at least one admission)
6
6
Cates plot of participants with COPD with high baseline risk of respiratory‐related hospital admissions. In the usual care group, 49 of 100 participants had at least one respiratory‐related hospital admission over a mean of 9.75 months, compared to 42 (95% CI 35 to 49) of 100 participants in the self‐management intervention group.
7
7
Cates plot of participants with COPD with low baseline risk of respiratory‐related hospital admissions. In the usual care group, 18 of 100 participants had at least one respiratory‐related hospital admission over a mean of 9.75 months, compared to 14 (95% CI 11 to 18) of 100 participants in the self‐management intervention group.
8
8
Forest plot of comparison: self‐management versus usual care, outcome: 1.6 Mortality: respiratory‐related mortality)
9
9
Forest plot of comparison: self‐management versus usual care, outcome: 1.7 Mortality: all‐cause mortality
10
10
Forest plot of comparison: self‐management versus usual care, outcome: 3.1 Healthcare utilisation: respiratory‐related hospital admissions (subgroup by smoking cessation component)
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 1: Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL): adjusted SGRQ total score (primary analysis)
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 2: Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL): adjusted SGRQ total score (secondary analysis)
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 3: Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL): CRQ domain scores (primary analysis)
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 4: Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL): CRQ domain scores (secondary analyses)
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 5: Healthcare utilisation: respiratory‐related hospital admissions (number of participants with at least one admission) (primary analysis)
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 6: Healthcare utilisation: respiratory‐related hospital admissions (number of participants with at least one admission) (secondary analyses)
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 7: Healthcare utilisation: respiratory‐related hospital admissions (mean number per participant) (primary analysis)
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 8: Healthcare utilisation: respiratory‐related hospital admissions (mean number per participant) (secondary analyses)
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 9: Mortality: respiratory‐related mortality (primary analysis)
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 10: Mortality: respiratory‐related mortality (secondary analyses)
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 11: Mortality: all‐cause mortality (primary analysis)
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1: Self‐management versus usual care (primary outcomes), Outcome 12: Mortality: all‐cause mortality (secondary analyses)
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 1: Healthcare utilisation: all‐cause hospital admissions (number of participants with at least one admission)
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 2: Healthcare utilisation: all‐cause hospital admissions (mean number per participant)
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 3: Healthcare utilisation: respiratory‐related hospitalisation days (per participant)
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 4: Healthcare utilisation: all‐cause hospitalisation days (per participant)
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 5: Healthcare utilisation: emergency department visits (number of participants with at least one visit)
2.6
2.6. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 6: Healthcare utilisation: emergency department visits (mean number per participant)
2.7
2.7. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 7: Healthcare utilisation: GP visits (mean number per participant)
2.8
2.8. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 8: COPD exacerbations (mean number per participant)
2.9
2.9. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 9: Courses of oral steriods (number of participants who used at least one course)
2.10
2.10. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 10: Courses of antibiotics (number of participants who used at least one course)
2.11
2.11. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 11: Health status: modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale (mMRC)
2.12
2.12. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 12: Health status: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
2.13
2.13. Analysis
Comparison 2: Self‐management versus usual care (secondary outcomes), Outcome 13: Exercise capacity: six‐minute walk test (6MWT)
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3: Subgroup analyses: self‐management versus usual care, Outcome 1: Healthcare utilisation: respiratory‐related hospital admissions (subgroup by smoking cessation component)
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Titova 2015 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Titova E, Salvesen Ø, Bentsen SB, Sunde S, Steinshamn S, Henriksen AH. Does an integrated care intervention for COPD patients have long-term effects on quality of life and patient activation? A prospective, open, controlled single-center intervention study. PLoS One 2017;12(1):e0167887. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Titova E, Steinshamn S, Henriksen A. An integrated care management program (ICMP) for patients with severe COPD; mortality, hazards and causes. European Respiratory Journal 2015;46(Suppl 59):PA3072.
    1. Titova E, Steinshamn S, Indredavik B, Henriksen AH. Long term effects of an integrated care intervention on hospital utilization in patients with severe COPD: a single centre controlled study. Respiratory Research 2015;16(8):1-10. [DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0170-1] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Walters 2013 {published data only}
    1. Licskai C, Ferrone M, Malus N, Stitt L, O'Callahan T, Roberts Z, et al. COPD collaborative self-management in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. In: European Respiratory Journal. Vol. 48. 2016:OA1994.
    1. Walters J, Cameron-Tucker H, Wills K, Schüz N, Scott J, Robinson A, et al. Effects of telephone health mentoring in community-recruited chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on self-management capacity, quality of life and psychological morbidity: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2013;3(9):e003097. [CENTRAL: 871543] [EMBASE: 2013640708] [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Wang 2019 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Wang LH, Zhao Y, Chen LY, Zhang L, Zhang YM. The effect of a nurse-led self-management program on outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinical Respiratory Journal 2019;14(2):148-57. - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Aboumatar 2019 {published data only}
    1. Aboumatar H, Naqibuddin M, Chung S, Chaudhry H, Kim SW, Saunders J, et al. Effect of a program combining transitional care and long-term self-management support on outcomes of hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2018;320(22):2335-43. Retraction in: JAMA 2019; 322(14):1417-8. - PubMed
ACTRN12616001039471 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12616001039471. Efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy and/or simulation-based learning resources on the mental health of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371204 (first received 1 August 2016).
Akinci 2011 {published data only}
    1. Akinci A, Olgun N. The effectiveness of nurse-led, home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD in Turkey. Rehabilitation Nursing 2011;36(4):159–65. - PubMed
Ali 2018 {published data only}
    1. Ali L, AF Fors, Ekman I. Belief in medication among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2018;17(1 Suppl 1):21-2.
Altenburg 2015 {published data only}
    1. Altenburg WA, Ten Hacken NH, Bossenbroek L, Kerstjens HA, Greef MH, Wempe JB. Short- and long-term effects of a physical activity counselling programme in COPD: a randomized controlled trial. Respiratory Medicine 2015;109(1):112-21. - PubMed
Anonymous 2012 {published data only}
    1. Anonymous. Summaries for patients: vitamin D treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of Internal Medicine 2012;156(2):I26-I26. - PubMed
Ansari 2017 {published data only}
    1. Ansari S, Hosseinzadeh H, Dennis S, Zwar N. Empowering primary care patients with COPD in the context of multi-morbidity through the pilot APCOM self-management program. European Respiratory Journal 2017;50(Suppl 61):PA1604.
Apps 2013 {published data only}
    1. Apps LD, Mitchell KE, Harrison SL, Sewell L, Williams JE, Young HM, et al. The development and pilot testing of the Self-management Programme of Activity, Coping and Education for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (SPACE for COPD). International Journal of COPD 2013;8:317-27. - PMC - PubMed
Arbillaga‐Etxarri 2018 {published data only}
    1. Arbillaga-Etxarri A, Gimeno-Santos E, Barberan-Garcia A, Balcells E, Benet M, Borrell E, et al. Long-term efficacy and effectiveness of a behavioural and community-based exercise intervention (Urban Training) to increase physical activity in patients with COPD: a randomised controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal 2018;52(4):1800063. - PMC - PubMed
Barberan‐Garcia 2014 {published data only}
    1. Barberan-Garcia A, Vogiatzis I, Solberg HS, Vilaro J, Rodriguez DA, Garasen HM, et al. Effects and barriers to deployment of telehealth wellness programs for chronic patients across 3 European countries. Respiratory Medicine 2014;108(4):628-37. - PubMed
Barnestein‐Fonseca 2011 {published data only}
    1. Barnestein-Fonseca P, Leiva-Fernandez J, Vidal-Espana F, Garcia-Ruiz A, Prados-Torres D, Leiva-Fernandez F. Efficacy and safety of a multifactor intervention to improve therapeutic adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): protocol for the ICEPOC study. Trials 2011;12:40. - PMC - PubMed
Baron 2011 {published data only}
    1. Baron K. COPD intervention investigation: comparing the effect of an outpatient counseling session after discharge to an educational counseling session on admission day 2 on hospitalization rates in patients with COPD. In: 50th Annual Assembly of the New York State Council of Health-System Pharmacists; Apr 29-May 1; Verona (NY). 2011.
Barradell 2017 {published data only}
    1. Barradell A, Sohanpal R, Pinnock H, Taylor S. Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in TANDEM: a Tailored intervention for anxiety and depression management in COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2017;50(Suppl 61):PA942-PA942.
Barradell 2018 {published data only}
    1. Barradell A, Sohanpal R, Mammoliti K-M, Moore A, Pinnock H, Taylor SJ. Participant experiences in TANDEM feasibility pilot. European Respiratory Journal 2018;52(Suppl 62):PA924.
Basri 2017 {published data only}
    1. Basri R, Tahir M, Naseem M. Short-term effects of chest physiotherapy in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Medical Sciences 2017;25(3):323-7.
Bausewein 2012 {published data only}
    1. Bausewein C, Jolley C, Reilly C, Lobo P, Kelly J, Bellas H, et al. Development, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a new out-patient Breathlessness Support Service: study protocol of a phase III fast-track randomised controlled trial. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2012;12(58):[10 p.]. - PMC - PubMed
Bavarsad 2015 {published data only}
    1. Bavarsad MB, Shariati A, Eidani E, Latifi M. The effect of home-based inspiratory muscle training on exercise capacity, exertional dyspnea and pulmonary function in COPD patients. Iranian journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 2015;20(5):613-18. - PMC - PubMed
Beekman 2014 {published data only}
    1. Beekman E, Mesters I, Hendriks EJ, Muris JW, Wesseling G, Evers SM, et al. Exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving physical therapy: a cohort-nested randomised controlled trial. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014;14(1):[10 p.]. - PMC - PubMed
Bentley 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bentley CL, Mountain GA, Thompson J, Fitzsimmons DA, Lowrie K, Parker SG, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of a Telehealth intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: challenges of clinician-led data collection. Trials 2014;15(1):[12 p.]. - PMC - PubMed
Benzo 2017 {published data only}
    1. Benzo R, Novotny P, McEvoy C. Health coaching improves self management in COPD after a hospitalization. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2017;195(Meeting Abstracts):A6738.
Benzo 2019 {published data only}
    1. Benzo R, Hoult JP, Thomas BE, Lam N, Seifert S, Kramer K. Effect of home pulmonary rehab plus health coaching on COPD self-management: a randomized study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2019;199(9):A5729.
Berkhof 2014 {published data only}
    1. Berkhof FF, Hesselink AM, Vaessen DL, Uil SM, Kerstjens HA, Van den Berg JW. The effect of an outpatient care on-demand-system on health status and costs in patients with COPD. A randomized trial. Respiratory Medicine 2014;108(8):1163-70. - PubMed
Berkhof 2015 {published data only}
    1. Berkhof FF, Van den Berg JW, Uil SM, Kerstjens HA. Telemedicine, the effect of nurse-initiated telephone follow up, on health status and health-care utilization in COPD patients: a randomized trial. Respirology 2015;20(2):279-85. - PubMed
Bhadhuri 2019 {published data only}
    1. Bhadhuri A, Al-Janabi H, Jowett S, Jolly K. Incorporating household spillovers in cost utility analysis: a case study using behavior change in COPD. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2019;35:212-20. - PubMed
Bi 2021 {published data only}
    1. Bi J, Yang W, Hao P, Zhao Y, Wei D, Sun Y, et al. WeChat as a platform for baduanjin intervention in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: retrospective randomized controlled trial. MIR mHealth and uHealth 2021;9(2):e23548. - PMC - PubMed
Billington 2015 {published data only}
    1. Billington J, Coster S, Murrells T, Norman I. Evaluation of a nurse-led educational telephone intervention to support self-management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized feasibility study. COPD 2015;12(4):395-403. - PubMed
Bischoff 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bischoff EW, Hamd DH, Sedeno M, Benedetti A, Schermer TR, Bernard S, et al. Effects of written action plan adherence on COPD exacerbation recovery. Thorax 2011;66(1):26-31. - PubMed
Blackstock 2016 {published data only}
    1. FC Blackstock, KE Webster, CF McDonald, Hill CJ. Emotional state associated with self-management behaviour in people with COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2016;193:A3991.
Bohingamu 2018 {published data only}
    1. Bohingamu Mudiyanselage S, Stevens J, Watts JJ, Toscano J, Kotowicz MA, Steinfort CL, et al. Personalised telehealth intervention for chronic disease management: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2018;25(6):343-52. - PubMed
Boland 2014 {published data only}
    1. Boland M, Kruis A, Tsiachristas A, Assendelft W, Gusselkoo J, Blom C, et al. Cost-effectiveness of an integrated care program for COPD: the RECODE cluster randomized trial. European Respiratory Journal 2014;44(Suppl 58):1980.
    1. Boland M, Tsiachristas A, Chavannes NM, Rutten-van Molken M. Does registration of performance indicators improve health outcomes in COPD? European Respiratory Journal 2015;46:OA3286.
    1. Boland MR, Kruis A, Tsiachristas A, Assendelft W, Gussekloo J, Blom C, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a COPD disease management program in primary care: the RECODE cluster randomized trial. Value in Health 2014;17(7):A595. - PubMed
    1. Boland MR, Kruis AL, Tsiachristas A, Assendelft WJ, Gussekloo J, Blom CM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of integrated COPD care: the RECODE cluster randomised trial. BMJ Open 2015;5(10):e007284. - PMC - PubMed
Bosma 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bosma H, Lamers F, Jonkers CC, Van Eijk JT. Disparities by education level in outcomes of a self-management intervention: the DELTA trial in the Netherlands. Psychiatric Services 2011;62(7):793-5. - PubMed
Bove 2016 {published data only}
    1. Bove DG, Lomborg K, Jensen AK, Overgaard D, Lindhardt BØ, Midtgaard J. Efficacy of a minimal home-based psychoeducative intervention in patients with advanced COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2016;121:109-16. - PubMed
    1. Bove DG, Overgaard D, Lomborg K, Lindhardt BO, Midtgaard J. Efficacy of a minimal home-based psychoeducative intervention versus usual care for managing anxiety and dyspnoea in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open 2015;5(7):e008031. - PMC - PubMed
    1. DG Bove, Midtgaard J, Kaldan G, Overgaard D, Lomborg K. Home-based COPD psychoeducation: a qualitative study of the patients' experiences. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2017;98:71-7. - PubMed
Bower 2012 {published data only}
    1. Bower P, Kennedy A, Reeves D, Rogers A, Blakeman T, Chew-Graham Carolyn, et al. A cluster randomised controlled trial of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a 'whole systems' model of self-management support for the management of long- term conditions in primary care: trial protocol. Implementation Science 2012;7(1):7. - PMC - PubMed
Browne 2013 {published data only}
    1. Browne P, Olive S, Staunton L, Clark A, Wilson E, Galey P, et al. The effects of maintenance schedules following pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Abstract]. In: British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting; 2013 Dec 4-6; London (UK). 2013.
Buckingham 2015 {published data only}
    1. Buckingham S, Kendall M, Ferguson S, Macnee W, Sheikh A, White P, et al. HELPing older people with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HELP-COPD): mixed-method feasibility pilot randomised controlled trial of a novel intervention. npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine 2015;25:15020. - PMC - PubMed
Bunker 2012 {published data only}
    1. Bunker JM, Reddel HK, Dennis SM, Middleton S, Van Schayck C, Crockett AJ, et al. A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial of early intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by practice nurse-general practitioner teams: study protocol. Implementation Science 2012;7:83. - PMC - PubMed
Cameron‐Tucker 2011 {published data only}
    1. Cameron-Tucker H, Joseph L, Edwards B, Wood-Baker RC. Telephone health-mentoring, a walking action plan and rehabilitation [Abstract]. Respirology 2011;16(Suppl 1):P33.
Cameron‐Tucker 2016 {published data only}
    1. Cameron-Tucker HL, Wood-Baker R, Joseph L, Walters JA, Schuz N, Walters EH. A randomized controlled trial of telephone-mentoring with home-based walking preceding rehabilitation in COPD. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2016;11:1991-2000. - PMC - PubMed
Carcereny 2016 {published data only}
    1. Carcereny CH, Seijas N, Folch A, Roman M, Orts I, Aibar J, et al. Impact of therapeutic education program for COPD patients on preventing readmissions (APRENDEEPOC). European Respiratory Journal 2016;48(Suppl 60):PA1614.
Casanas 2019 {published data only}
    1. Casanas R, Martin Royo J, Fernandez-San-Martin MI, Raya Tena A, Mendioroz J, Sauch Valmana G, et al. Effectiveness of a psychoeducation group intervention conducted by primary healthcare nurses in patients with depression and physical comorbidity: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research 2019;19(1):427. - PMC - PubMed
Casas 2006 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Casas A, Troosters T, Garcia-Aymerich, Roca J, Hernández, Pozo F, et al. Integrated care prevents hospitalisations for exacerbations in COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2006;28(1):123-30. - PubMed
    1. Garcia-Aymerich J, Hernandez C, Alonso A, Casas A, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Anto J, et al. Effects of an integrated care intervention on risk factors of COPD readmission. Respiratory Medicine 2007;101:1462-9. - PubMed
Casey 2012 {published data only}
    1. Casey D, Murphy K, Cooney A, Devane D, McCarthy B, Kirwan C, et al. A cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a structured pulmonary rehabilitation education programme for improving the health status of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the PRINCE study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2012;185:A2400. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Casey D, Murphy K, Declan D, Cooney A, McCarthy B, Mee L, et al. A cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a structured pulmonary rehabilitation education programme in a primary care setting for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the PRINCE study. European Respiratory Journal 2013;42(Suppl 57):396s.
Cecere 2012 {published data only}
    1. Cecere LM, Slatore CG, Uman JE, Evans LE, Udris EM, Bryson CL, et al. Adherence to long-acting inhaled therapies among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2012;9(3):251-8. - PubMed
Chan 2011 {published data only}
    1. Chan AW, Lee A, Suen LK, Tam WW. Tai chi Qigong improves lung functions and activity tolerance in COPD clients: a single blind, randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2011;19(1):3-11. - PubMed
Chan 2016 {published data only}
    1. Chan H-Y, Dai Y-T, Hou I-C. Evaluation of a tablet-based instruction of breathing technique in patients with COPD. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2016;94:263-70. - PubMed
Chang 2019 {published data only}
    1. Chang YY, Dai YT. The efficacy of a flipping education program on improving self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2019;14:1239-50. - PMC - PubMed
Chatwin 2014 {published data only}
    1. Chatwin M, Hawkins G, Panicchia L, Woods A, Hanak A, Lucas R, et al. Randomised crossover trial of telemonitoring in chronic respiratory patients (TeleCRAFT trial). Thorax 2016;71(4):305-11. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chatwin M, Hawkins G, Paniccia L, Woods A, Lucas R, Hanak A, et al. Randomised crossover trial of telemonitoring in chronic respiratory patients (TeleCRAFT trial*): No impact on hospital admissions and quality of life (QOL). European Respiratory Journal 2014;44(Suppl 58):4830. - PubMed
Chavannes 2009 {published data only}
    1. Chavannes NH, Grijsen M, den Akker M, Schepers H, Nijdam M, Tiep B, et al. Integrated disease management improves one-year quality of life in primary care COPD patients: a controlled clinical trial. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2009;18(3):171-6. - PMC - PubMed
Chen 2011 {published data only}
    1. Chen J, Chen PC. The individualized smoking counselling for smoking cessation in COPD patients and general smokers. Respirology 2011;16(Suppl 2):116 [983].
Cheng 2017 {published data only}
    1. Cheng SW, Alison J, Dennis S, Stamatakis E, Spencer L, McNamara R, et al. A behaviour change intervention to reduce sedentary time in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Physiotherapy 2017;63(3):182. - PubMed
Christenhusz 2012 {published data only}
    1. Christenhusz Lieke CA, Prenger R, Pieterse ME, Seydel ER, Van der Palen J. Cost-effectiveness of an intensive smoking cessation intervention for COPD outpatients. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2012;14(6):657-63. - PubMed
Chuang 2011 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Chuang C, Levine SH, Rich J. Enhancing cost-effective care with a patient-centric chronic obstructive pulmonary disease program. Population Health Management 2011;14(3):133-6. - PubMed
Collinsworth 2018 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Collinsworth AW, Brown RM, James CS, Stanford RH, Alemayehu D, Priest EL. The impact of patient education and shared decision making on hospital readmissions for COPD. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2018;13:1325-32. - PMC - PubMed
Cordova 2016 {published data only}
    1. Cordova FC, Ciccolella D, Grabianowski C, Gaughan J, Brennan K, Goldstein F, et al. A telemedicine-based intervention reduces the frequency and severity of COPD exacerbation symptoms: a randomized, controlled trial. Telemedicine Journal and E-Health 2016;22(2):114–22. - PMC - PubMed
Coultas 2013 {published data only}
    1. Coultas D, Jackson B, Uhm M, Singh K, Bae S. Risk factors for self-reported hospitalizations among stable outpatients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2013;42:P5108.
Coultas 2014 {published data only}
    1. Coultas D, Russo R, Peoples J, Ashmore J, Sloan J, Jackson B, et al. Improvements in self-efficacy and readiness to engage in physical activity are associated with improved health outcomes among patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2014;44(Suppl 58):3489.
Coultas 2016 {published data only}
    1. Ashmore J, Russo R, Peoples J, Sloan J, Jackson BE, Bae S, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self-management activation research trial (COPD-SMART): design and methods. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2013;35(2):77-86. - PMC - PubMed
    1. BE Jackson, Coultas D, Russo R, Ashmore J, Sloan J, Uhm M, et al. Benefits of a lifestyle physical activity intervention for COPD are limited to patients with moderate impairment. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2015;191:A4448.
    1. Coultas D, Jackson B, Russo R, Peoples J, Ashmore J, Sloan J, et al. A lifestyle physical activity intervention for COPD improved mental health-related quality of life among severely impaired patients. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2017;195:A6733.
    1. Coultas D, Jackson B, Singh K, Bae S. Longitudinal change in self-reported physical activity (SRPA) is useful among patients with COPD. In: European Respiratory Journal. Vol. 50. 2017:PA3454.
    1. Coultas DB, Jackson BE, Russo R, Peoples J, Singh KP, Sloan J, et al. Home-based physical activity coaching, physical activity, and health care utilization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self-management activation research trial secondary outcomes. In: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. Vol. 15. 2018:470-8. - PMC - PubMed
Coventry 2019 {published data only}
    1. Coventry PA, Blakemore A, Baker E, Sidhu M, Fitzmaurice D, Jolly K. The push and pull of self-managing mild COPD: an evaluation of participant experiences of a nurse-led telephone health coaching intervention. Qualitative Health Research 2019;29(5):658-71. - PubMed
Csikesz 2016 {published data only}
    1. Csikesz N, Nici LCC. A physician-led intervention to prevent COPD re-admissions. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2016;193:A3994.
Cully 2012 {published data only}
    1. Cully JA, Armento ME, Mott J, Nadorff MR, Naik AD, Stanley MA, et al. Brief cognitive behavioral therapy in primary care: a hybrid type 2 patient-randomized effectiveness-implementation design. Implementation Science 2012;7:64. - PMC - PubMed
Cully 2017 {published data only}
    1. Cully JA, Stanley MA, Petersen NJ, Hundt NE, Kauth MR, Naik AD, et al. Delivery of brief cognitive behavioral therapy for medically ill patients in primary care: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2017;32(9):1014-24. - PMC - PubMed
Dabrowska 2017 {published data only}
    1. Dabrowska M, Luczak K, Miszczuk M, Domagata I, Lubanski W, Leszczynski A, et al. Impact of short training of inhalation technique on the course of asthma and COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2017;50(Suppl 61):PA536.
Davis 2016 {published data only}
    1. Davis E, Marra C, Gamble J-M, Farrell J, Lockyer J, FitzGerald JM, et al. Effectiveness of a pharmacist-driven intervention in COPD (EPIC): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016;17(1):502. - PMC - PubMed
De Jongh 2013 {published data only}
    1. De Jong C, Kocks J, Kerstjens H, Van der Molen T. Health status based treatment of COPD patients in primary care. A randomized controlled pilot study. European Respiratory Journal 2013;42(Suppl 57):26s [268].
Demeyer 2017a {published data only}
    1. Demeyer H, Waschki B, Polkey M, Furlanetto K, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Anto JM, et al. The survival effect of physical activity in patients with COPD: every step counts. European Respiratory Journal 2017;50(Suppl 61):OA512.
Demeyer 2017b {published data only}
    1. Demeyer H, Louvaris Z, Frei A, Rabinovich RA, Jong C, Gimeno-Santos E, et al. Physical activity is increased by a 12-week semiautomated telecoaching programme in patients with COPD: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2017;72(5):415-23. - PMC - PubMed
Deng 2013 {published data only}
    1. Deng GJ, Liu FR, Zhong QL, Chen J, Yang MF, He HG. The effect of non-pharmacological staged interventions on fatigue and dyspnoea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2013;19(6):636-43. - PubMed
De Roos 2018 {published data only}
    1. De Roos P, Lucas C, Strijbos JH, Van Trijffel E. Effectiveness of a combined exercise training and home-based walking programme on physical activity compared with standard medical care in moderate COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2018;104(1):116-21. - PubMed
De San Miguel 2013 {published data only}
    1. De San Miguel K, Smith J, Lewin G. Telehealth remote monitoring for community-dwelling older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Telemedicine Journal and E-health 2013;19(9):652-7. - PubMed
Dewan 2011b {published data only}
    1. Dewan NA, Rice KL, Caldwell M, Hilleman DE. Economic evaluation of a disease management program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 2011;8(3):153-9. - PubMed
Dimitri 2012 {published data only}
    1. Dimitri A, Livermore N, Sharpe L, Gandevia SC, Mckenzie MK, Butler JE. CBT reduces ratings of breathing difficulty in response to external resistive loads in people with COPD. Respirology 2012;17(Suppl 1):32.
Dogan 2017 {published data only}
    1. Dogan U, Ovayolu N. The effects of health education given by nurses to COPD patients on the daily oxygen concentrator usage time. Advances in Respiratory Medicine 2017;85(1):15-21. - PubMed
Donesky 2012 {published data only}
    1. Donesky DM, Nguyen HQ, Benditt J, Carrieri-Kohlman V. Effects of a dyspnea self-management program on hospitalizations and urgent care in COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2012;185:A4866.
Doward 2017 {published data only}
    1. Doward L, Svedsater H, Whalley D, Crawford R, Leather D, Lay-Flurrie J, et al. Salford Lung Study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SLS COPD): follow-up interviews on patient-centred outcomes. npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine 2017;27(1):66. - PMC - PubMed
Drennan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Drennan IR, Dainty KN, Hoogeveen P, Atzema CL, Barrette N, Hawker G, et al. Expanding paramedicine in the community (EPIC): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014;15(1):473. - PMC - PubMed
DRKS00006021 {published data only}
    1. DRKS00006021. Influence of a controlled inspiratory muscle training on the course of COPD after acute exacerbation (AECOPD): a controlled study. www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DR... (first received 9 May 2014).
Due 2014 {published data only}
    1. Due TD, Thorsen T, Kousgaard MB, Siersma VD, Waldorff FB. The effectiveness of a semi-tailored facilitator-based intervention to optimise chronic care management in general practice: a stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial. BMC Family Practice 2014;15(1):1-24. - PMC - PubMed
Durheim 2014 {published data only}
    1. Durheim MT, Smith PJ, Babyak MA, Mabe SK, Emery CF, Blumenthal JA, et al. Physical function as measured by 6-minute walk distance or accelerometry predicts clinical outcomes in COPD patients independent of GOLD 2011. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2014;189:A6679.
Durheim 2015 {published data only}
    1. Durheim MT, Smith PJ, Babyak MA, Mabe SK, Martinu T, Welty-Wolf KE, et al. Six-minute-walk distance and accelerometry predict outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease independent of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2011 Group. Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2015;12(3):349-56. - PMC - PubMed
Dwinger 2013 {published data only}
    1. Dwinger S, Dirmaier J, Herbarth L, Konig H-H, Eckardt M, Kriston L, et al. Telephone-based health coaching for chronically ill patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013;14(1):337. - PMC - PubMed
Effing 2009 {published data only}
    1. Effing T, Kerstjens H, Valk P, Zielhuis G, Palen J. (Cost)-effectiveness of self-treatment of exacerbations on the severity of exacerbations in patients with COPD: the COPE II study. Thorax 2009;64(11):956-62. - PubMed
Effing 2011 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Effing T, Zielhuis G, Kerstjens H, Van der Valk P, Van der Palen P. Community-based physiotherapeutic exercise in COPD self-management: a randomised controlled trial. Respiratory Medicine 2011;105(3):418-26. - PubMed
Emme 2014 {published data only}
    1. Emme C, Mortensen EL, Rydahl-Hansen S, Ostergaard B, Jakobsen AS, Schou L, et al. The impact of virtual admission on self-efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a randomised clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2014;23(21-22):3124-37. - PubMed
Etxarri 2017 {published data only}
    1. Etxarri AA, Gimeno-Santos E, Barberan-Garcia A, Rodriguez GA, Balcells E, Simonet P, et al. Effectiveness of an intervention of Urban Training in patients with COPD: a randomized controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal 2017;50(Suppl 61):OA513. - PubMed
EUCTR2013‐002671‐18‐AT {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2013-002671-18-AT. To evaluate the effect of inhaled medication together with exercise and activity training on exercise capacity and daily activites in patients with chronic lung disease with obstruction of airways [An explorarory, 12 week, randomised, partially double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel group trial to explore the effects of once daily treatments of orally inhaled tiotropium + olodaterol fixed dose combination or tiotropium (both delivered by Respimat® inhaler), supervised exercise training and behavior modification on exercise capacity and physical activity in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)]. www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2013-002671-18/PT (first received 7 April 2014).
Fairbrother 2011 {published data only}
    1. Fairbrother P, Pinnock H, Hanley J, McCloughan L, Todd A, McKinstry B. Perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals on the impact of telemedicine on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a nested qualitative study. European Respiratory Journal 2011;38:p4986.
    1. Fairbrother P, Pinnock H, Hanley J, McCloughan L, Todd A, McKinstry BC. Perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals on the impact of telemedicine on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a nested qualitative study [Abstract]. In: 6th IPCRG World Conference; 2012 April 25-28; Edinburgh, Scotland. 2012:Abstract 209.
Fairbrother 2013 {published data only}
    1. Fairbrother P, Pinnock H, Hanley J, McCloughan L, Sheikh A, Pagliari C, et al. Exploring telemonitoring and self-management by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study embedded in a randomized controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling 2013;93(3):403-10. - PubMed
Farmer 2014 {published data only}
    1. Farmer A, Toms C, Hardinge M, Williams V, Rutter H, Tarassenko L. Self-management support using an Internet-linked tablet computer (the EDGE platform)-based intervention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol for the EDGE-COPD randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2014;4(1):e004437. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Farmer A, Williams V, Velardo C, Shah SA, Yu LM, Rutter H, et al. Self-management support using a digital health system compared with usual care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2017;19(5):e144. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Farmer A, Williams V, Velardo C, Shah SA, Yu L-M, Rutter H, et al. Self-management support using an internet-linked tablet computer based intervention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (EDGE): randomised controlled trial. npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine 2016;26(16022):10-CR024.
Faulkner 2010 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Faulkner J, Walshaw E, Campbell J, Jones R, Taylor R, Price D, et al. The feasibility of recruiting patients with early COPD to a pilot trial assessing the effects of a physical activity intervention. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2010;19(2):124-30. - PMC - PubMed
Ferreira 2016 {published data only}
    1. Ferreira TJ, Harrison S, Carr J, Gershon A, Carr S, Fishbein D, et al. Can patients with COPD assimilate disease specific information at a time of being acutely unwell due to an exacerbation of their disease? European Respiratory Journal 2016;48(Suppl 60):OA4814.
Fish 2012 {published data only}
    1. Fish LJ, Gierisch JM, Stechuchak KM, Grambow SC, Rohrer LD, Bastian LA. Correlates of expected positive and negative support for smoking cessation among a sample of chronically ill veterans. Addictive Behaviors 2012;37(1):135. - PubMed
Fitzsimmons 2011 {published data only}
    1. Fitzsimmons DA, Thompson J, Hawley M, Mountain GA. Preventative tele-health supported services for early stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial pilot. BMC Health Services Research 2011;12:6. - PMC - PubMed
Fitzsimmons 2016 {published data only}
    1. Fitzsimmons DA, Thompson J, Bentley CL, Mountain GA. Comparison of patient perceptions of Telehealth-supported and specialist nursing interventions for early stage COPD: a qualitative study. Trials 2016;16(1):420. - PMC - PubMed
Flink 2017 {published data only}
    1. Flink M, Lindblad M, Frykholm O, Kneck A, Nilsen P, Arestedt K, et al. The Supporting Patient Activation in Transition to Home (sPATH) intervention: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial using motivational interviewing to decrease re-hospitalisation for patients with COPD or heart failure. BMJ Open 2017;7(7):e014178. - PMC - PubMed
Folch‐Ayora 2019 {published data only}
    1. Folch-Ayora A, Orts-Cortes MI, Macia-Soler L, Andreu-Guillamon MV, Moncho J. Patient education during hospital admission due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects on quality of life - controlled and randomized experimental study. Patient Education and Counseling 2019;102(3):51119. - PubMed
Foot 2017 {published data only}
    1. Foot H, Freeman C, Hemming K, Scott I, Coombes ID, Williams ID, et al. Reducing medical admissions into hospital through optimising medicines (REMAIN HOME) study: protocol for a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised trial. BMJ Open 2017;7:e015301. - PMC - PubMed
Fors 2018 {published data only}
    1. Fors A, Blanck E, Ali L, Ekberg-Jansson A, Fu M, Lindstrom KI, et al. Effects of a person-centred telephone-support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. PLOS One 2018;13(8):e0203031. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fors A, Blanck E, Ali L, Swedberg K, Ekman I. Person-centred telephone-support is effective in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure. Six-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Heart Failure 2018;20(Suppl 1):194. - PubMed
Fortin 2013 {published data only}
    1. Fortin M, Chouinard MC, Bouhali T, Dubois MF, Gagnon C, Belanger M. Evaluating the integration of chronic disease prevention and management services into primary health care. BMC Health Services Research 2013;13:132. - PMC - PubMed
Freund 2016 {published data only}
    1. Freund T, Peters-Klimm F, Boyd CM, Mahler C, Gensichen J, Erler A, et al. Medical assistant-based care management for high-risk patients in small primary care practices: a cluster randomized clinical trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2016;164(5):323-30. - PubMed
Frith 2017a {published data only}
    1. Frith P, Troosters T, Lavoie KL, Leidy N, Maltais F, Sedeno M, et al. Bronchodilator therapy and exercise added to self-management behaviour-modification: effects on physical activity in COPD. Respirology 2017;22(Suppl 2):84-5.
Frith 2017b {published data only}
    1. Frith P, Troosters T, Bourbeau J, Maltais F, Leidy N, Erzen D, et al. Effect of tiotropium and olodaterol, alone and with exercise training, on exercise endurance in COPD. Respirology 2017;22(Suppl 2):41-2.
Gaeckle 2016 {published data only}
    1. Gaeckle N, Ciccolella D, Criner A, Criner GC. Participation in a telemedicine program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease improves daily symptoms. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2016;193:A1688.
Garcia‐Aymerich 2007 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Garcia-Aymerich J, Hernandez C, Alonso A, Casas A, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Anto JM, et al. Effects of an integrated care intervention on risk factors of COPD readmission. Respiratory Medicine 2007;101(7):1462-9. - PubMed
Gellis 2012 {published data only}
    1. Gellis ZD, Kenaley B, McGinty J, Bardelli E, Davitt J, Have TT. Outcomes of a telehealth intervention for homebound older adults with heart or chronic respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Gerontologist 2012;52(4):541-52. - PubMed
Goossens 2014 {published data only}
    1. Goossens LM, Utens CM, Smeenk FW, Donkers B, Van Schayck OC, Rutten-van Molken MP. Should I stay or should I go home? A latent class analysis of a discrete choice experiment on hospital-at-home. Value in Health 2014;17(5):588-96. - PubMed
Goris 2013 {published data only}
    1. Goris S, Tasci S, Elmali F. The effects of training on inhaler technique and quality of life in patients with COPD. Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery 2013;26(6):336-44. - PubMed
Grabenhorst 2013 {published data only}
    1. Grabenhorst M, Jehn M, Maldener N, Liebers U, Kohler F, Witt C. Telemedicine in patients with COPD: feasibility and benefit of regular exercise testing via remote patient monitoring [Abstract]. Pneumologie 2013;67:P377.
Granados‐Santiago 2019 {published data only}
    1. Granados-Santiago M, Valenza MC, Lopez-Lopez L, Prados-Roman E, Rodriguez-Torres J, Cabrera-Martos I. Shared decision-making and patient engagement program during acute exacerbation of COPD hospitalization: a randomized control trial. Patient Education and Counseling 2019;103(4):702-8. - PubMed
Gurgun 2011 {published data only}
    1. Gurgun A, Deniz S, Argin M, Karapolat HC. The effects of nutritional supplementation added to pulmonary rehabilitation in muscle wasted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised, controlled, prospective study. European Respiratory Journal 2011;183:A3972. - PubMed
Hæsum 2017 {published data only}
    1. Hæsum LK, Ehlers LH, Hejlesen OK. The long-term effects of using telehomecare technology on functional health literacy: results from a randomized trial. Public Health 2017;150:43-50. - PubMed
He 2015 {published data only}
    1. He S, Niu M, Ni J. Application of health education path in health education of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chinese Nursing Research 2015;29(2B):552-5.
Heaton 2019 {published data only}
    1. Heaton PC, Frede S, Kordahi A, Lowery L, Moorhead B, Kirby J, et al. Improving care transitions through medication therapy management: a community partnership to reduce readmissions in multiple health-systems. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2019;59(3):319-28. - PubMed
Hegelund 2019 {published data only}
    1. Hegelund A, Andersen IC, Andersen MN, Bodtger U. The impact of a personalised action plan delivered at discharge to patients with COPD on readmissions: a pilot study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 2020;34(4):909-18. - PMC - PubMed
Heslop‐Marshall 2018 {published data only}
    1. Heslop K, Newton J, Baker C, Burns G, Carrick-Sen D, De Soyza A. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undertaken by respiratory nurses: the COPD CBT CARE study: (ISRCTN55206395). BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2013;13(1):62. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Heslop K, Stenton C, Jambon M, Newton J, Carrick-Sen D, Baker C, et al. Recruitment for psychological therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What factors influence participation? European Respiratory Journal 2013;42(Suppl 57):P3655.
    1. Heslop K, Stenton C, Newton J, Carrick-Sen D, Baker C, Graham B, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered by respiratory nurses to reduce anxiety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). European Respiratory Journal 2016;Suppl 60:OA289.
    1. Heslop-Marshall K, Baker C, Carrick-Sen D, Newton J, Echevarria C, Stenton C, et al. Randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy in COPD. ERJ Open Research 2018;4:00094-2018. [DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00094-2018] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Heslop-Marshall K, Baker C, Carrick-Sen D, Newton J, Stenton C, Burns G, et al. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2017;72(Suppl 3):A6.
Hilberink 2011 {published data only}
    1. Hilberink SR, Jacobs JE, Breteler MH, De Vries H, Grol RP. General practice counseling for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to quit smoking: impact after 1 year of two complex interventions. Patient Education and Counseling 2011;83(1):120-4. - PubMed
Ho 2016 {published data only}
    1. Ho TW, Huang CT, Chiu HC, Ruan SY, Tsai YJ, Yu CJ, et al. Effectiveness of telemonitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taiwan - a randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports 2016;6:23797. - PMC - PubMed
Houben 2014 {published data only}
    1. Houben CH, Spruit MA, Wouters EF, Janssen DJ. A randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of advance care planning on the quality of end-of-life care and communication in patients with COPD: the research protocol. BMJ Open 2014;4(1):e004465. - PMC - PubMed
Houben 2019 {published data only}
    1. Houben CH, Spruit MA, Luyten H, Pennings HJ, Van den Boogaart VE, Creemers JP, et al. Cluster-randomised trial of a nurse-led advance care planning session in patients with COPD and their loved ones. Thorax 2019;74(4):328-36. - PubMed
Howard 2014 {published data only}
    1. Howard C, Dupont S. 'The COPD breathlessness manual': a randomised controlled trial to test a cognitive-behavioural manual versus information booklets on health service use, mood and health status, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine 2014;24:14076. - PMC - PubMed
Huang 2017 {published data only}
    1. Huang B, Willard-Grace R, De Vore D, Wolf J, Chirinos C, Tsao S, et al. Correction to: health coaching to improve self-management and quality of life for low income patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019;19(1):96. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Huang B, Willard-Grace R, De Vore D, Wolf J, Chirinos C, Tsao S, et al. Health coaching to improve self-management and quality of life for low income patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2017;17(1):90. - PMC - PubMed
ISRCTN30110012 {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN30110012. Evaluating a group-based maintenance self-management intervention for patients with COPD. ictrptest.azurewebsites.net/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ISRCTN30110012 (first received 12 August 2019).
ISRCTN32281812 {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN32281812. Effectiveness of a pharmacist intervention in patients with lung disease. ictrptest.azurewebsites.net/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ISRCTN32281812 (first received 17 May 2017).
ISRCTN77785397 {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN77785397. Using the internet to help individuals stay healthy and prevent further reductions in health from existing chronic diseases [Maximizing the effects of self-management interventions on chronic disease outcomes: the development of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) web-based patient portal]. ictrptest.azurewebsites.net/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ISRCTN77785397 (first received 8 November 2011).
Janaudis‐Ferreira 2018 {published data only}
    1. Janaudis-Ferreira T, Carr SJ, Harrison SL, Gershon AS, Milner SC, Carr S, et al. Can patients with COPD assimilate disease-specific information during an acute exacerbation? Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial. Chest 2018;3:588-96. - PubMed
Jarab 2012 {published data only}
    1. Jarab AS, Alqudah SG, Khdour M, Shamssain M, Mukattash TL. Impact of pharmaceutical care on health outcomes in patients with COPD. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 2012;34(1):53-62. - PubMed
Jennings 2015 {published data only}
    1. Jennings JH, Thavarajah K, Mendez MP, Eichenhorn M, Kvale P, Yessayan L. Predischarge bundle for patients with acute exacerbations of COPD to reduce readmissions and ED visits: a randomized controlled trial. Chest 2015;147(5):1227-34. - PubMed
Ji 2019 {published data only}
    1. Ji M, Wang A-H, Ye J, Shen Y-H, Chen C-M, Yu C, et al. Effects of the health belief model following acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a hospital in China. Journal of Thoracic Disease 2019;11(8):3593-8. - PMC - PubMed
Jokar 2012 {published data only}
    1. Jokar Z, Mohammadi F, Khankeh H, Fallah Tafti S. Effect of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation on fatigue in patients with COPD. HAYAT 2012;18(5):64-72.
Jonkers 2012 {published data only}
    1. Jonkers CC, Lamers F, Bosma H, Metsemakers JF, Van Eijk JT. The effectiveness of a minimal psychological intervention on self-management beliefs and behaviors in depressed chronically ill elderly persons: a randomized trial. International Psychogeriatrics 2012;24(2):288-97. - PubMed
Kalter‐Leibovici 2018 {published data only}
    1. Kalter-Leibovici O, Benderly M, Freedman LS, Kaufman G, Molcho Falkenberg Luft T, Murad H, et al. Disease management plus recommended care versus recommended care alone for ambulatory COPD patients. China NLM 2018;197(12):1565-74. - PMC - PubMed
Kanabar 2015 {published data only}
    1. Kanabar P, Warrington V, Houchen-Wolloff L, Singh S. Investigating the profile of physical activity in COPD patients 7 days post discharge from a respiratory-related admission. Does brief advice have an effect? American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2015;70:A146.
Kara 2004 {published data only}
    1. Kara M, Asti T. Effects of education on self-efficacy of Turkish patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patient Education and Counseling 2004;55(1):114-20. - PubMed
Kato 2017 {published data only}
    1. Kato D, Dobashi K, Fueki M, Tomioka S, Yamada H, Fueki N. Short-term and long-term effects of a self-managed physical activity program using a pedometer for chronic respiratory disease: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Physical Therapy Science 2017;29:807-12. - PMC - PubMed
Kenealy 2015 {published data only}
    1. Kenealy TW, Parsons MJ, Rouse AP, Doughty RN, Sheridan NF, Harre Hindmarsh JK, et al. Telecare for diabetes, CHF or COPD: effect on quality of life, hospital use and costs. A randomised controlled trial and qualitative evaluation. PLOS One 2015;10(3):e0116188. - PMC - PubMed
Kennedy 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kennedy A, Bower P, Reeves D, Blakeman T, Bowen R, Chew-Graham C, et al. Implementation of self management support for long term conditions in routine primary care settings: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2013;346(7913):f2882. - PMC - PubMed
Khan 2019 {published data only}
    1. Khan MA, Khan N, Walley JD, Hicks J, Ahmed M, Sheikh FI, et al. Effectiveness of delivering integrated COPD care at public healthcare facilities: a cluster randomised trial in Pakistan. BJGP Open 2019;3(1):[11 p.]. [DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen18X101634] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kheirabadi 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kheirabadi GR, Keypour M, Attaran N, Bagherian R, Maracy MR. Effect of add-on "self-management and behaviour modification" education on severity of COPD. Tanaffos 2008;7(3):23-30.
Khoshkesht 2015 {published data only}
    1. IRCT138905064443N2. The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation program on self-efficacy and severity of symptoms among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ictrptest.azurewebsites.net/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT138905064443N2 (first received 14 May 2011).
    1. Khoshkesht S, Zakerimoghadam M, Ghiyasvandian S, Kazemnejad A, Hashemian M. The effect of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation on self-efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2015;65(10):1041-6. - PubMed
    1. Moghadam MZ, Ghiyasvandian S, Kazemnejad A, Hashemian M, Khoshkesht S. Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation program on the intensity of fatigue and dyspnea of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology 2013;12(9S):S139.
Kiser 2012 {published data only}
    1. Kiser K, Jonas D, Warner Z, Scanlon K, Bryant SB, DeWalt DA. A randomized controlled trial of a literacy-sensitive self-management intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2012;27(2):190-5. - PMC - PubMed
Ko 2016 {published data only}
    1. Ko FW, Cheung NK, Rainer TH, Lum C, Wong I, Hui DS. Comprehensive care programme for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2016;72(2):122-8. - PubMed
Koff 2009 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Koff PB, Jones RH, Cashman JM, Voelkel NF, Vandivier RW. Proactive integrated care improves quality of life in patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2009;33(5):1031-8. - PubMed
Korsbakke 2016 {published data only}
    1. Korsbakke LK, Ehlers L, Hejlesen OK. Interaction between functional health literacy and telehomecare: short-term effects from a randomized trial. Nursing and Health Sciences 2016;18(3):328-33. - PubMed
Kruis 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kruis A, Boland M, Assendelft P, Gussekloo J, Tsiachristas A, Rutten M, et al. RECODE: RCT on effectiveness of integrated COPD management in primary care. European Respiratory Journal 2011;38(55):912s [P4990].
Kruis 2014a {published data only}
    1. Kruis A, Boland M, Assendelft W, Gussekloo J, Tsiachristas A, Stijnen T, et al. Is integrated disease management of COPD effective? Results of the RECODE cluster randomized controlled trial in real world patients. European Respiratory Journal 2014;44(Suppl 58):4413.
    1. Kruis AL, Boland M, Assendelft WJ, Gussekloo J, Tsiachristas A, Stijnen T. Is integrated disease management of COPD effective? Results of the RECODE cluster randomized controlled trial in real world patients. In: 7th International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) World Conference; 2014 May 21 - 24 May; Athens, Greece. 2014.
Kruis 2014b {published data only}
    1. Kruis AL, Boland MR, Assendelft WJ, Gussekloo J, Tsiachristas A, Stijnen T, et al. Effectiveness of integrated disease management for primary care chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: results of cluster randomised trial. BMJ 2014;349(7976):g5392. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kruis AL, Boland MR, Assendelft WJ, Gussekloo J, Tsiachristas A, Stijnen T, et al. Effectiveness of integrated disease management for primary care chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: results of cluster randomised trial. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 2015;159(13):A8593. - PMC - PubMed
Labrecque 2011 {published data only}
    1. Labrecque M, Rabhi K, Laurin C, Favreau H, Moullec G, Lavoie K, et al. Can a self-management education program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease improve quality of life? Canadian Respiratory Journal 2011;18(5):e77-81. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Moullec G, Favreau H, Lavoie KL, Labrecque M. Does a self-management education program have the same impact on emotional and functional dimensions of HRQoL? Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2012;9(1):36-45. - PubMed
Lahham 2018 {published data only}
    1. Lahham A, McDonald CF, Mahal A, Lee AL, Hill CJ, Burge AT, et al. Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation for people with COPD: a qualitative study reporting the patient perspective. Chronic Respiratory Disease 2018;15(2):123-30. - PMC - PubMed
Lainscak 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lainscak M, Kadivec S, Kosnik M, Benedik B, Bratkovic M, Jakhel T, et al. Discharge coordinator intervention prevents hospitalizations in patients with COPD: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2013;14(6):450.e1-e6. - PubMed
Lam 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lam A. Practice innovations: delivering medication therapy management services via Videoconference interviews. Consultant Pharmacist 2011;26(10):764-74. - PubMed
Larson 2017a {published data only}
    1. Larson J, Tucker S, Buckery D. Increasing light physical activity and decreasing sedentary time in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a preliminary study. Respirology 2017;22(Suppl 3):80.
Larson 2017b {published data only}
    1. Larson JL, Han MK, McAuley E. Active for life with COPD: preliminary study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2017;195:A4270.
La Torre 2018 {published data only}
    1. La Torre G, Cocchiara RA, Sordo EL, Chiarini M, Siliquini R, Firenze A, et al. Counseling intervention to improve quality of life in patients with pre-existing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a pilot study. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene 2018;59(2):E153-8. - PMC - PubMed
Lavesen 2012 {published data only}
    1. Lavesen M, Overgaard R, Mazurek S, Just A, Overgaard D. Do telephone interventions of patients with COPD prevent readmission? European Respiratory Journal 2012;40(Suppl 56):220s [P1203].
Lavesen 2016 {published data only}
    1. Lavesen M, Ladelund S, Frederiksen AJ, Lindhardt BO, Overgaard D. Nurse-initiated telephone follow-up on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease improves patient empowerment, but cannot prevent readmissions. Danish Medical Journal 2016;63(10):A5276. - PubMed
Lee 2015 {published data only}
    1. Lee H, Yoon JY, Lim Y, Jung H, Kim S, Yoo Y, et al. The effect of nurse-led problem-solving therapy on coping, self-efficacy and depressive symptoms for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing 2015;44(3):397-403. - PubMed
Leiva‐Fernandez 2011 {published data only}
    1. Leiva-Fernandez F, Barnestein-Fonseca P, Leiva-Fernandez J, Vidal-Espana F, Garcia-Ruiz A, Prados-Torres D. Effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention to improve adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) icepoc study. Value in Health 2011;14(7):A487-8. - PubMed
Leiva‐Fernandez 2012 {published data only}
    1. Leiva-Fernandez F, Leiva-Fernandez J, Zubeldia-Santoyo F, Garcia-Ruiz A, Prados-Torres D, Barnestein-Fonseca P. Efficacy of two educational interventions about inhalation techniques in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). TECEPOC: study protocol for a partially randomized controlled trial (preference trial). Trials 2012;13:64. - PMC - PubMed
Leiva‐Fernandez 2014 {published data only}
    1. Leiva-Fernandez J, Leiva-Fernandez F, Garcia-Ruiz A, Prados-Torres D, Barnestein-Fonseca P. Efficacy of a multifactorial intervention on therapeutic adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014;14(1):70. - PMC - PubMed
Li J 2015 {published data only}
    1. Li J. Study on TCM nursing on the improvement of pulmonary function of patients with COPD in stable stage. Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China 2015;13(14):120-1.
Lilholt 2015 {published data only}
    1. PH Lilholt, LK Hæsum, OK Hejlesen. Exploring user experience of a telehealth system for the Danish TeleCare North Trial. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 2015;210:301-5. - PubMed
Lilholt 2016 {published data only}
    1. Lilholt PH, Hæsum LK, Ehlers LH, Hejlesen OK. Specific technological communication skills and functional health literacy have no influence on self-reported benefits from enrollment in the TeleCare North trial. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2016;91:60-6. - PubMed
Li P 2015 {published data only}
    1. Li P, Gong Y, Zeng G, Ruan L, Li G. A new mode of community continuing care service for COPD patients in China: Participation of respiratory nurse specialists. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2015;8(9):15878-88. - PMC - PubMed
Li Z 2015 {published data only}
    1. Li Z, Zeng K, He X. Study on influence of cognitive-behavioral intervention on quality of life of COPD patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China 2015;29(8A):2714-16.
Lopez‐Lopez 2019 {published data only}
    1. Lopez-Lopez L, Valenza MC, Rodriguez-Torres J, Torres-Sanchez I, Granados-Santiago M, Valenza-Demet G. Results on health-related quality of life and functionality of a patient-centered self-management program in hospitalized COPD: a randomized control trial. Disability and Rehabilitation 2019;42(25):3687-95. - PubMed
Luhr 2018 {published data only}
    1. Luhr K, Eldh AC, Theander K, Holmefur M. Effects of a self-management programme on patient participation in patients with chronic heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2018;18(3):185-93. - PubMed
Marchioro 2011 {published data only}
    1. Marchioro JC, Belmonte G, Pradela C, Maia MN, Nascimento OA, Jardim JR. Effects of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients - adaptation to patients' real life. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2011;183(1 MeetingAbstracts):A6438.
Maricoto 2019 {published data only}
    1. Maricoto T, Correia-de-Sousa J, Taborda-Barata L. Inhaler technique education in elderly patients with asthma or COPD: impact on disease exacerbations - a protocol for a single-blinded randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019;9(1):e022685. - PMC - PubMed
Martinez 2014 {published data only}
    1. Martinez CH, Moy ML, Nguyen HQ, Cohen MD, Kadri R, Roman P, et al. Internet-mediated recruitment of rural veterans in a randomized controlled trial of a walking program for COPD (abstract). American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2014;189:A5362.
Martinez 2019 {published data only}
    1. Martinez IM, Alonso PC, Sanchez RL, Arce RA, Diaz PP, Arboleya AL. Effectiveness of a brief educational intervention relating to the correct use of inhalers on the prevention of exacerbation in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. SEMERGEN 2019;45(1):15-22. - PubMed
McDonald 2011 {published data only}
    1. McDonald VM, Higgins I, LG Wood, Gibson PG. Multidimensional assessment and individualised management (MDAIM) of obstructive airway diseases (OAD) in older adults - a pilot clinical trial. Respirology 2011;16(Suppl 1):P13 [TO 019].
Moayeri 2019 {published data only}
    1. Moayeri F, Dunt D, Hsueh Y-SA, Doyle C. Cost-utility analysis of telephone-based cognitive behavior therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with anxiety and depression comorbidities: an application for willingness to accept concept. Rehabilitation Nursing 2019;19(3):331-40. - PubMed
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Morganroth 2011 {published data only}
    1. Morganroth ML, Johnson T, Pape G, Rozenfeld Y, Siemienczuk J, Heffner JE. An integrated pulmonary and primary care COPD disease management program: impact on clinical outcomes. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2011;183:A2264.
Morganroth 2016 {published data only}
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Moriyama 2015 {published data only}
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Moy 2015a {published data only}
    1. Moy ML, Martinez CH, Kadri R, Roman P, Holleman RG, Kim HM, et al. Long-term effects of an internet-mediated pedometer-based walking program in COPD: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2015;191(Meeting Abstracts):A2457. - PMC - PubMed
Moy 2015b {published data only}
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Moy 2016 {published data only}
    1. Moy ML, Martinez CH, Kadri R, Roman P, Holleman RG, Kim HM, et al. Long-term effects of an Internet-mediated pedometer-based walking program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2016;18(8):e215. - PMC - PubMed
Mozaffari 2018 {published data only}
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NCT01867970 {published data only}
    1. NCT01867970. Interactive tool to support self-management through lifestyle feedback, aimed at physical activity of COPD/DM patients (RCTIt'sLiFe!) [RCT It's LiFe! to evaluate the effectiveness of the monitoring and feedback tool and the corresponding counseling protocol (self-management support program) to be executed by practice nurses in primary care]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01867970 (first received 4 June 2013).
NCT01871025 {published data only}
    1. NCT01871025. Early incentive and mobilization during COPD exacerbation (TIME). clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct01871025 (first received 6 June 2013).
NCT01897298 {published data only}
    1. NCT01897298. Urban training for COPD patients [Effectiveness of an intervention of urban training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomised controlled trial]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01897298 (first received 11 July 2013).
NCT01921556 {published data only}
    1. NCT01921556. The improving care in chronic obstructive lung disease study a cluster randomized trial (CAROL) [The improving care in chronic obstructive lung disease study: CAROL improving processes of care and quality of life of COPD patients in primary care: a cluster randomized trial]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01921556 (first received 13 August 2013).
NCT01985529 {published data only}
    1. NCT01985529. A controlled study of community-based exercise training in patients with moderate COPD. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01985529 (first received 15 November 2013).
NCT02035566 {published data only}
    1. NCT02035566. Telehome monitoring for chronic disease management [Effectiveness of telehome monitoring on quality of life and health resources utilization among people with chronic disease residing in rural Maryland]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02035566 (first received 14 January 2014).
NCT02078622 {published data only}
    1. NCT02078622. Use of respiratory therapists (RTs) to improve outcomes and quality of life in patients with COPD (RTQOL) [A prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate the use of respiratory therapists (RTs) to improve outcomes and quality of life in patients diagnosed with COPD]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02078622 (first received 5 March 2014).
NCT02085161 {published data only}
    1. NCT02085161. To evaluate the effect of inhaled medication together with exercise and activity training on exercise capacity and daily activities in patients with chronic lung disease with obstruction of airways. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02085161 (first received 12 March 2014).
NCT02567474 {published data only}
    1. NCT02567474. Effect of self management program on clinical status of COPD patients [Effect of self management program based on 5A model on clinical status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02567474 (first received 5 October 2015).
NCT02742597 {published data only}
    1. NCT02742597. Patient-centred innovations for persons with multimorbidity - Ontario (PACEinMM-ON). clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02742597 (first received 19 April 2016).
NCT02754232 {published data only}
    1. NCT02754232. Telemedical training for chronically ill COPD patients: a cross sectoral study. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02754232 2016.
NCT03387735 {published data only}
    1. NCT03387735. Multiple chronic conditions for older adults [Heart-related multiple chronic conditions in primary care: behavioral technology]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct03387735 (first received 2 January 2017).
NCT03654092 {published data only}
    1. NCT03654092. Home-based exercise training for COPD patients (HOMEX-2) [Effects of a long-term home-based exercise training program using minimal equipment vs usual care in COPD patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct03654092 (first received 31 August 2018).
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Nguyen 2012 {published data only}
    1. Nguyen HQ, Donesky-Cuenco DM, Benditt J, Paul S, Carrieri-Kohlman V. Moderators of improvement in self-efficacy for managing dyspnea in patients with COPD participating in a dyspnea self-management program. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2012;185:A4867.
Nguyen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Nguyen HQ, Donesky D, Reinke LF, Wolpin S, Chyall L, Benditt JO, et al. Internet-based dyspnea self-management support for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2013;46(1):43-55. - PMC - PubMed
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Nyberg 2019 {published data only}
    1. Nyberg A, Tistad M, Wadell K. Can the COPD web be used to promote self-management in patients with COPD in Swedish primary care: a controlled pragmatic pilot trial with 3-month and 12-month follow-up. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 2019;37(1):69-82. - PMC - PubMed
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Valenza 2018 {published data only}
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Vasilopoulou 2017 {published data only}
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Vayisoglu 2019 {published data only}
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Wang CH 2014 {published data only}
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Wang H 2017 {published data only}
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Wang J‐X 2017 {published data only}
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Wang K 2017 {published data only}
    1. Wang K, Zeng G-Q, Li R, Luo Y-W, Wang M, Hu Y-H, et al. Cycle ergometer and inspiratory muscle training offer modest benefit compared with cycle ergometer alone: a comprehensive assessment in stable COPD patients. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2017;12:2655-68. - PMC - PubMed
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Weldam 2017 {published data only}
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Wu W 2017 {published data only}
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Wu X 2016 {published data only}
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Yan 2017 {published data only}
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Yan 2018 {published data only}
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Yan 2019 {published data only}
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Yan J 2016 {published data only}
    1. Yan J, Wang L, Liu C, Yuan H, Wang X, Yu B, Luo Q. Effect of a hospital outreach intervention programme on decreasing hospitalisations and medical costs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2016;6(6):e009988. - PMC - PubMed
Yan XN 2016 {published data only}
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Yazdani 2018 {published data only}
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Zhai 2016 {published data only}
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Zhang 2012 {published data only}
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Zhao 2017 {published data only}
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Zwerink 2013 {published data only}
    1. Zwerink M, Van der Palen J, Van der Valk P, Brusse-Keizer M, Effing T. Relationship between daily physical activity and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Respiratory Medicine 2013;107(2):242-8. - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

Abdulsalim 2017 {published data only}
    1. Abdulsalim S, Unnikrishnan MK, Manu MK, Alrasheedy AA, Godman B, Morisky DE. Structured pharmacist-led intervention programme to improve medication adherence in COPD patients: a randomized controlled study. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 2017;14(10):909-14. - PubMed
    1. Abdulsalim S, Unnikrishnan MK, Manu MK, Alsahali S, Alrasheedy AA, Martin AP, et al. Impact of a clinical pharmacist intervention on medicine costs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in India. Pharmacoeconomics Open 2019;4:331–42. - PMC - PubMed
    1. CTRI/2014/08/004848. Assessment of quality of life in chronic lung disease [Evaluation of structured individualized pharmacist intervention programme on economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes of COPD patients in a tertiary care hospital]. ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=8428&EncHid=&amp... (first received 19 March 2012).
    1. Suhaj A, Manu MK, Unnikrishnan MK, Vijayanarayana K, Mallikarjuna RC. Effectiveness of clinical pharmacist intervention on health-related quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder patients - a randomized controlled study. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 2016;41(1):78-83. - PubMed
    1. Suhaj A, Unnikrishnan M, Mohan MK, Rao CM, Vijayanarayana K. The effectiveness of clinical pharmacist intervention on health related quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder patients - a randomized controlled study. Respirology 2015;20:58. - PubMed
Aboumatar 2017 {published data only}
    1. Aboumatar H, Naqibuddin M, Chung S, Adebowale H, Bone L, Brown T, et al. Better Respiratory Education and Treatment Help Empower (BREATHE) study: methodology and baseline characteristics of a randomized controlled trial testing a transitional care program to improve patient-centered care delivery among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2017;62:159-67. - PubMed
    1. Thurber EG, Aboumatar H. Do patient comorbidities impact the effectiveness of a COPD self-management program? Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2018;2(S1):41.
Alharbey 2019 {published data only}
    1. Alharbey R, Chatterjee S. An mHealth assistive system "MyLung" to empower patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: design science research. JMIR Formative Research 2019;3(1):e12489. - PMC - PubMed
Efraimsson 2008 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Efraimsson EÖ, Hillervik C, Ehrenberg A. Effects of COPD self-care management education at a nurse-led primary health care clinic. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 2008;22(2):178-85. - PubMed
Ghanem 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ghanem M, Abd ELaal E, Mehany M, Tolba K. Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program: effect on exercise tolerance and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Annals of Thoracic Medicine 2010;5(1):18-25. - PMC - PubMed
Heidari 2018 {published data only}
    1. Heidari M, Fayazi S, Borsi SH, Latifi M, Moradbeigi K, Torghi MT, et al. Effect of the 5A model on clinical status indexes of COPD patients. Rehabilitation Nursing 2018;43(3):158-66. - PubMed
    1. IRCT2013061713694N1. The effect of self management program on indicators of clinical status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ictrptest.azurewebsites.net/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT2013061713694N1 (first received 21 November 2012).
Hill 2010 {published data only}
    1. Hill K, Mangovski-Alzamora S, Blouin M, Guyat G, Heels-Andell D, Bragaglia P, et al. Disease-specific education in the primary care setting increases the knowledge of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling 2010;81(1):14-8. - PubMed
Jiang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Jiang X, He G. Effects of an uncertainty management intervention on uncertainty, anxiety, depression, and quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outpatients. Research in Nursing and Health 2012;35(4):409-18. - PubMed
Khdour 2009 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Khdour MR, Agus AM, Kidney JC, Smyth BM, McElnay JC, Crealey GC. Cost-utility analysis of a pharmacy-led self-management programme for patients with COPD. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 2011;33(4):665-73. - PubMed
    1. Khdour MR, Kidney JC, Smyth BM, McElnay JC. Clinical pharmacy-led disease and medicine management programme for patients with COPD. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2009;68(4):588-98. - PMC - PubMed
Li 2014 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Li J-M, Cheng S-Z, Cai W, Zhang Z-H, Liu Q-H, Xie B-Z, et al. Transitional care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2014;1(2):157-64.
Liu 2013 {published data only}
    1. Liu F, Cai H, Tang Q, Zou Y, Wang H, Xu Z, et al. Effects of an animated diagram and video-based online breathing program for dyspnea in patients with stable COPD. Patient Preference and Adherence 2013;7:905-13. - PMC - PubMed
Lou 2015 {published data only}
    1. Lou P, Chen P, Zhang P, Yu J, Wang Y, Chen N, et al. A COPD health management program in a community-based primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial. Respiratory Care 2015;60(1):102-12. - PubMed
Ozturk 2020 {published data only}
    1. Ozturk BO, Alpaydın AO, Ozalevli S, Guler N, Cimilli C. Self-management training in chronic obstructive lung disease improves the quality of life. Turkish Thoracic Journal 2020;21(4):266-73. [DOI: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2019.19015] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

References to ongoing studies

Boer 2011 {published data only}
    1. Boer L, Schermer T, Koopman A, Peters J, Heijdra Y, Vercoulen J, et al. Effects of case management on hospitalisation and exacerbation rate in severe, complex COPD: a randomized controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal 2011;38(55):230s [P1248].
Bourne 2017 {published data only}
    1. Bourne C, Houchen-Wolloff L, Kanabar P, Bankart M, Singh S. A self-management programme of activity, coping and education - SPACE for COPD - in primary care: a pragmatic trial. Thorax 2018;73(Suppl 4):A167-8. - PubMed
    1. Bourne CL, Kanabar P, Mitchell K, Schreder S, Houchen-Wolloff L, Bankart MJ, et al. A self-management programme of activity, coping and education - SPACE for COPD(C) - in primary care: the protocol for a pragmatic trial. BMJ Open 2017;7(7):e014463. - PMC - PubMed
    1. ISRCTN17942821. A self-management programme of activity coping and education - SPACE for COPD - in primary care: a pragmatic trial. ictrptest.azurewebsites.net/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ISRCTN17942821 (first received 11 February 2015).
Cecere Feemster 2013 {published data only}
    1. Cecere Feemster LM, Collins BF, Uman J, Au DH. Factors explaining variation in dyspnea, health-related quality of life, and medication use among veterans with COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2013;187:A5699.
Chen 2018 {published data only}
    1. Chen K-Y, Hung M-H, Chang M-H, Kuo C, Lin C-M, Chuang L-P, et al. Four-weeks remote pulmonary rehabilitation protocol with mobile apps of real-time heart rate monitoring for gold category B/C/D-A study design. Respirology 2018;23(Suppl 2):82.
ChiCTR1800018197 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR1800018197. A real world study for the effect of TCM pulmonary rehabilitation training to protect the pulmonary function of patients with mild to moderate COPD. ictrptest.azurewebsites.net/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR1800018197 (first received 4 April 2018).
ChiCTR‐TRC‐12002559 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-TRC-12002559. The effects of a transitional care programme on patients with chronic diseases at high risk for readmission: a randomized controlled trial. ictrptest.azurewebsites.net/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR-TRC-12002559 (first received 9 October 2012).
Chien 2016 {published data only}
    1. Chien C-L, Liu Y-F, Liu W-T, Lu C-C, Wang P-C, Chiang L-L. Impact of multidisciplinary self-management education program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: self-efficacy, exercise tolerance, and quality of life. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2016;193:A7863.
Costa 2015 {published data only}
    1. Costa F, Porcu A, Balestracci S, Mignani D, Magnani F, Pianta T, et al. Cost and effectiveness of 2 years integrated care intervention in COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2015;46:PA679.
Dewan 2011a {published data only}
    1. Dewan N, Rice K, Morrow L, Caldwell M. Long-term outcomes of disease management in chronic obstructive lung disease: results of VISN 23 randomized controlled trial. Chest 2011;140:921A.
Ding 2019 {published data only}
    1. Ding H, Karunanithi M, Ireland D, McCarthy L, Hakim R, Phillips K, et al. Evaluation of an innovative mobile health programme for the self-management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (MH-COPD): protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019;9(4):e025381. - PMC - PubMed
Doheny 2013 {published data only}
    1. Doheny S, Lynch A, Dunican K, Cabrera A, Silva M. The effectiveness of pharmacist-provided self-management education to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2013;53(2):e107.
Duran 2017 {published data only}
    1. Duran CA, Winnicka L, Bista A, Charles K, Joshi A, Khan SU, et al. Reducing hospital readmission among high risk patients admitted with COPD exacerbation: randomized trial of a respiratory therapist conducted home-based structured intervention. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2017;195:A7005.
Ergan 2018 {published data only}
    1. Ergan B, Goktalay T, Ergun P, lmaz D, Ocakli B, Gurgun A, et al. A multicenter randomized trial for the effectiveness of structured discharge and follow-up protocol on readmission rate in COPD patients receiving LTOT/NIV: one-year interim analysis. European Respiratory Journal 2018;52(Suppl 62):OA5410.
Fleehart 2015 {published data only}
    1. Fleehart S, Nguyen HQ, Fan VS, Hunter C, Chen Z, Reinke LF. The effect of psychosocial behavioral therapy for patients with COPD and depression. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2015;191:A6395.
Gonzalez 2015 {published data only}
    1. Gonzalez IC, Espinosa RA, Hu C, Martinez BG, Miranda CF, Birlanga OM, et al. A self-treatment programme in patients with COPD: effectiveness for the reduction of severe exacerbations. European Respiratory Journal 2015;46(Suppl 59):PA3705.
Hernandez 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hernandez C, Seijas N, Folch A, Grane C, Orts I, Esquinas C, et al. Impact of a structured therapeutic education program for COPD patients on preventing readmissions (APRENDEEPOC Program). American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2016;193:A5541.
Imanalieva 2016 {published data only}
    1. Imanalieva A, Vinnikov D, Brimkulov N. Patient education with telephone follow-up for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and essential hypertension. European Respiratory Journal 2016;48:PA2063.
IRCT201504149014N61 {published data only}
    1. IRCT201504149014N61. Effect of self-care education versus no education on self-efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. en.irct.ir/trial/9500 (first received 25 April 2015).
IRCT2017030432764N2 {published data only}
    1. IRCT2017030432764N2. The effect of Orem Self Care Model on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. en.irct.ir/trial/25441 (first received 19 May 2017).
James 2012 {published data only}
    1. James S, Patry R. Pulmonary rehabilitation provided by a pharmacist and its impact on patient care. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2012;52:258.
Ko 2015 {published data only}
    1. Ko FW, Cheung N-K, Rainer T, Lum CC, Hui D. Intergrated care programme for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - a randomized controlled trial. Respirology 2015;20:38. - PubMed
Moreno 2017 {published data only}
    1. Moreno MP, Lopez L, Torres I, Cabrera I, Ortiz A, Valenza CM. Cardiorespiratory functionality improvements after a brief occupational therapy intervention: a pilot study. European Respiratory Journal 2017;50(Suppl 61):x.
NCT02258646 {published data only}
    1. NCT02258646. Long-term integrated telerehabilitation of COPD patients. A multi-center trial. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02258646 (first received 7 October 2014).
NCT02924870 {published data only}
    1. NCT02924870. Long-term effect of an health education program on daily physical activity in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (EA-EPOC). clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02924870 (first received 5 October 2016).
NCT03012256 {published data only}
    1. NCT03012256. The DIVERT-CARE (Collaboration Action Research & Evaluation) Trial (DIVERT-CARE) [The DIVERT-CARE (Collaboration Action Research & Evaluation) Trial: A multi provincial pragmatic cluster randomized trial of cardio-respiratory management in home care]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03012256 (first received 6 January 2016).
NCT03084874 {published data only}
    1. NCT03084874. Efficacy of a coaching program to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior after a COPD hospitalization [Efficacy of a coaching program to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior after a COPD exacerbation that required hospitalization]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct03084874 (first received 21 March 2017).
NCT03216603 {published data only}
    1. NCT03216603. Health literacy in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Health literacy. An intervention on organized information and health care for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)]. ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT03216603 (first received 13 July 2017).
NCT03721315 {published data only}
    1. NCT03721315. Health literacy activation RCT among the COPD patients and designated support dyad [A randomized controlled trial of health literacy activation among the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and designated support dyad]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct03721315 (first received 26 October 2018).
NL3827 (NTR4009) {published data only}
    1. NL3827 (NTR4009). PRACTISS COPD [Pulmonary rehabilitation of COPD: a trial of sustained internet based self-management support]. www.trialregister.nl/trial/3827 (first received 1 February 2013).
NL5277 (NTR5558) {published data only}
    1. NL5277 (NTR5558). Efficacy of a physical activity coaching system for patients with COPD [Effectiviteitsonderzoek naar een coachingsprogramma voor het behouden van fysieke activiteit in patienten met COPD]. www.trialregister.nl/trial/5277 (first received 1 April 2015).
Padilla‐Zarate 2013 {published data only}
    1. Padilla-Zarate MP, Cortes-Poza D, Martinez-Soto JM, Herrera-Cenobio T, Del Carmen Vazquez-Bautista M, Garcia-Flores M, et al. Self-care and quality of life after nursing counseling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Revista Mexicana de Enfermeria Cardiologica 2013;21(1):15-23.
Paquin 2014 {published data only}
    1. Paquin S, Landry L, Nault D, Dagenais J, Lefrancois E, St-Jules D, et al. Telehome care for patients with chronic pulmonary disease: the experience of a Canadian second line respiratory specialty care service. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2014;189:A1395.
Reguera 2017 {published data only}
    1. Reguera BJ, Lopez EM, Martin ML, Monteagudo LJ, Gutierrez NG, Casamitjana JV, et al. Efficacy of an integrated internet community program after pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients: a pilot randomized control trial. European Respiratory Journal 2017;50(Suppl 61):OA514.
Sano 2016 {published data only}
    1. Sano E, Ueki J, Sasaki S, Kuriyama S, Muraki K, Nagashima O, et al. Self-management education using interactive application software for tablet computer to improve health status in patients with COPD: a randomized controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal 2016;85:PA3736.
Siddharthan 2018 {published data only}
    1. Siddharthan T, Pollard SL, Quaderi SA, Mirelman AJ, Cárdenas MK, Kirenga B, et al. Effectiveness-implementation of COPD case finding and self-management action plans in low- and middle-income countries: global excellence in COPD outcomes (GECo) study protocol. Trials 2018;19(1):1-15. - PMC - PubMed
Sirichana 2014 {published data only}
    1. Sirichana W, Patel MH, Wang X, Taylor M, Barjaktarevic I, Kleerup EC, et al. Choices of spirometry measures for remote patient monitoring in COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2014;189:A2971.
Thomas 2019 {published data only}
    1. Thomas B, Ridgeway JL, Novotny PJ, Benzo R. Home-based rehabilitation for COPD: a qualitative analysis of a large randomized study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2019;199(9):A5735.
Zanaboni 2016 {published data only}
    1. Zanaboni P, Dinesen B, Hjalmarsen A, Hoaas H, Holland AE, Oliveira CC, et al. Long-term integrated telerehabilitation of COPD patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial (iTrain). BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2016;16(1):126. - PMC - PubMed

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