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. 2021 Dec;28(6):129-185.
doi: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.6.13. Epub 2021 Dec 22.

History of Neurosurgery in Malaysia: The Past, Present and Future

Fadzli Cheah Abdullah  1 , Zaitun Zakaria  2   3   4 , Hari Chandran Thambinayagam  5 , Regunath Kandasamy  6 , Azmi Alias  7 , Azizi Abu Bakar  8 , Albert Sii Hieng Wong  9 , Pulivendhan Sellamuthu  10 , Rahmat Harun  11 , Saiful Azli Mat Nayan  12 , Azman Raffiq  13 , Sharon Casilda Theophilus  14 , Nujaimin Udin  15 , Mohamad Azhari Omar  16 , Mohamed Saufi Awang  17 , Abdul Rahman Izaini Ghani  2   3   4 , Zamzuri Idris  2   3   4 , Jafri Malin Abdullah  2   3   4
Affiliations

History of Neurosurgery in Malaysia: The Past, Present and Future

Fadzli Cheah Abdullah et al. Malays J Med Sci. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

The history of neurosurgery in Malaysia traces back to 1962 and is filled with stories of vibrant and humble neurosurgeons who have dedicated their life to patients and professions. The early development of neurological and neurosurgical services begins from the establishment of the neurosurgery unit at Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), followed by the foundation of the Tunku Abdul Rahman Neuroscience Institute (IKTAR). Due to the exponentially increased demand for the care of neurosurgical patients, many universities and government hospitals have opened their neurosurgical units. In 2001, the formal residency training programme (USM Masters in Neurosurgery) started and since then has produced qualified neurosurgeons that empowered and shaped the present generation. The formation of the Neurosurgical Association of Malaysia (NAM) is another turning point towards bidirectional collaboration with the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS). Many opportunities were created for educational activities and the expansion of subspecialties in neurosurgery. This article describes the impact of the past neurosurgeons and the endeavors that they had gone through; the present neurosurgeons who pioneered the current neurosurgical services in Malaysia, and the future neurosurgeons that will continue the legacy and bring neurosurgery further ahead in this country.

Keywords: Neurosurgical Association of Malaysia; World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies; neurosciences; neurosurgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
An announcement of official visit of Mr Douglas Miller to Penang General Hospital
Figure 2
Figure 2
The first lecture presented by Mr Douglas Miller at Penang General Hospital
Figure 3
Figure 3
Three proposed operations during Mr Douglas Miller’s visit to GHKL
Figure 4
Figure 4
Official letter to announce the availability of neurosurgical service of Dr Roy Clifton Selby at GHKL
Figure 5
Figure 5
Letter of donation of slit lamp and accessories from the Switzerland government
Figure 6
Figure 6
Letter from Dr Roy Clifton Selby thanking the Netherlands government for the generous donation received for the Neurological Unit in GHKL
Figure 7
Figure 7
A letter from Dr Roy Clifton Selby confirming his permanent departure to return to the USA
Figure 8
Figure 8
(A) The IKTAR at the early phase (1975), (B) Neurosurgery ward in early 1970s
Figure 9
Figure 9
The photo was taken with a child being operated at GHKL. From left to right: Dr Tan Kok Joo, Dr Lim Meng Choo, Dr Anavangot Mohandas and Dr Gunasekaran Balasundaram
Figure 10
Figure 10
The photo was taken at GHKL during 1980’s. First row from left: Dr Lim Meng Choo, Dr Gunasekaran Balasundaram, Dr Nadasan Arumugasamy, Dr C. Balaratnam, Dr Anavangot Mohandas, Dr Sabri Rejab and others. Back row from left: Dr Tan Kok Joo, Dr Lee Foo Chang and others
Figure 11
Figure 11
(A) Dr Roy Clifton Selby is the first neurosurgeon in Malaysia in 1960s, (B) Dr Roy Clifton Selby received Royal Award from the King in Malaysia a ‘Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm’, (C) Dr Roy Clifton Selby with Dr Nadasan Arumugasamy in 1970 in front of the IKTAR while under construction and (D) photo in 1996 after his cardiac transplant surgery
Figure 12
Figure 12
The opening of the IKTAR. Sitting fifth from the left front row is Dr Roy Clifton Selby. Other prominent figures include Dr Nadasan Arumugasamy, Dr Balaratnam and Dr Anavangot Mohandas
Figure 13
Figure 13
Dato’ Dr Nadasan Arumugasamy is the the first Malaysian neurosurgeon to be trained in the USA and the first Malaysian neurosurgeon, taking over Dr Roy Clifton Selby in 1969
Figure 14
Figure 14
In recognition of the late Dr Anavangot Mohandas contribution to neurosurgery in Malaysia, the Mohandas Educational Trust Fund was launched
Figure 15
Figure 15
(A) Dr Swaran Singh Khera graduated from Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin in 1963, (B) Dr Swaran Singh Khera and his wife with Professor Dr Charles Drake and his wife in Canada, (C) A photo of him assisting Dr Roy Clifton Selby during surgery in 1967 and (D) Dr Swaran Singh Khera at the age of 84
Figure 16
Figure 16
Dr Narayan Sundaresan is currently a Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York
Figure 17
Figure 17
A request for more specialists under the Colombo Plan 1962
Figure 18
Figure 18
University of Malaya in the early days. (A) The University Hospital entrance, (B) the main entrance to the theatre room in 1978 and (C) Dr Richard L Rapport and his wife, Mrs Valerie Trueblood in 1979, accompanied by Dr Ernest Yeoh (general surgeon)
Figure 19
Figure 19
Dr Richard L Rapport and Mrs Valerie Trueblood. He currently resides in Seattle and is a clinical professor at the University of Washington, School of Medicine in the Department of Neurological Surgery
Figure 20
Figure 20
Photo of Dr Richard Veerapan (left) and Dr Chee Chee Pin (third from right) in 1987
Figure 21
Figure 21
The current neurosurgeons working at the UMMC. From left to right are Dr Amritpal Sidhu, Dr Hari Chandran Thambinayagam, Dr Nor Faizal Ahmad Bahuri, Dr Dharmendra Ganesan, Dr Vikneswaran Mathaneswaran, Dr Vairavan Narayanan, Dr Ravindran a/l Karuppiah and Dr Kamal Azrin Abdullah @ Kalai Arasu Muthusamy
Figure 22
Figure 22
The neurosurgeons in scrubs during 1980s. From left to right: Dr Kazem Djavadkhani, Dr Fukushima from Japan, Dr Gunasekaran Balasundaram and Dato’ Dr Selvapragasam Thambiah
Figure 23
Figure 23
Photos of the current neurosurgeons in UKM (from left to right): Dr Azizi Abu Bakar (head of department), Dr Soon Bee Hong, Dr Ainul Syahrilfazli Jaafar and Dr Toh Charng Jeng
Figure 24
Figure 24
Photos of the current neurosurgeons in UKM (from left to right): Dr Sanmugarajah Paramasvaran, Dr Ainul Syahrilfazli Jaafar, Dr Kamalanathan Palaniandy, Dr Toh Charng Jeng, Dr Ramesh Kumar Athi Kumar, Dr Farizal Fadzil and Dr Jegan Thanabalan
Figure 25
Figure 25
Photos of previous neurosurgeons at USM Kubang Kerian. (A) Dr Fauzi Ahmad Ali Salem (Egypt; 1984–1987), (B) Dr Benedict Marius Selladurai (Sri Lanka; 1990–1993), (C) Dr Shanmugan Chandrasekaran (India; 1992–1996), (D) Dr Jain George Panattil (India; 2002–2005), (E) Dr Prakash Rao Gollapudi (India; 2004–2005), (F) Dr Sani Sayuthi (USM graduates; 2001–2009), (G) Dr Mohamed Saufi Awang (USM graduates; 2001–2010), (H) Dr Badrisyah Idris (USM graduates; 2004–2019) and (I) Dr Regunath Kandasamy (USM graduates; 2012–2020)
Figure 26
Figure 26
Visiting lecturers at USM Kubang Kerian. (A) Professor Luc Calliauw, (B) Dr Raj Kumar and (C) Dr Hillol Pal. The neurologist includes (D) Dr John Tharakan, (E) Dr Atul Prasad and (F) Dr Sanihah Abdul Halim. The neuroradiologist includes (G) Dr Win Mar @ Salmah Jalaludin, (H) Dr Mohd Shafie Abdullah and (I) Dr Nur Asma Sapiai. The neuropathologist includes (J) Dr Manoharan Madhavan, (K) Dr Hasnan Jaafar and (L) Dr Anani Aila Mat Zin
Figure 27
Figure 27
The first batch of Master of Neurosurgery USM with supervisors. Standing from left is Dr Zamzuri Idris, Dr Kanakaraj (left neurosurgery training programme), Dr Toh Charng Jeng and Dr Adam Zakaria. Sitting form left is Dr Jafri Malin Abdullah, Professor Luc Calliauw and Dr Jain George Panattil
Figure 28
Figure 28
Professor Luc Calliauw was a visiting professor from University of Ghent, Belgium. The photo was taken with the first till third batch of neurosurgical residents at USM Kubang Kerian
Figure 29
Figure 29
High Speed Drill course was held at USM in 2004. The course was in association with Mr Bob Bullard of Medtronics USA, Mahesh Swaminathan Vas, Kelvin Lim and Bong Joong of Medtronic Malaysia. The course was attended by the first till third batch or neurosurgical residents
Figure 30
Figure 30
Microsurgery workshop was held at USM in 2005. The course was attended by the first till fourth batch of neurosurgical residents
Figure 31
Figure 31
List of external examiners from 2002 until 2019. (A) Dr Iftikhar Ali Raja from Pakistan, (B) Dr Ganapathy Krishnan from India, (C) Dr Abdul Hafid Bajamal from Indonesia, (D) Dr Tetsuo Kanno from Japan, (E) Dr Wai Sang Poon from Hong Kong, (F) Dr Peter Reilly from Australia, (G) Dr Beny Atwadja Wirjomartani from Indonesia, (H) Dr Yoko Kato from Japan, (I) Dr Jeffrey Victor Rosenfeld from Australia, (J) Dr Kyu-Chang Wang from Korea, (K) Dr Syed Ather Enam from Pakistan, (L) Dr Saleem Abdulrauf from the USA, (M) Dr Yong-Kwang Tu from Taiwan, (N) Dr Eka Julianta Wahjoepramono from Indonesia and (O) Dr Yeo Tseng Tsai from Singapore
Figure 32
Figure 32
Professor Yoko Kato and Professor Tetsuo Kanno at Hospital Kuala Lumpur. They were the invited external examiner for master in neurosurgery exam in May 2006
Figure 33
Figure 33
Neurosurgery certification in member societies of the WFNS: Asia
Figure 34
Figure 34
(A) In April 2015, The Dandy Malaysia Chapter Inauguration Meeting was held in Kedah, (B) In May 2017, the inaugural opening the Walter E Dandy Neurosurgical Society Malaysia was held in HKL
Figure 35
Figure 35
(A) Dr Saleem Abdulrauf was the invited external examiner for Master in Neurosurgery exam in May 2017, (B) Dr Jafri Malin Abdullah with Dr Saleem Abdulrauf
Figure 36
Figure 36
The first batch of the clinical psychologist helping neurosurgeons in Malaysia
Figure 37
Figure 37
The current neurosurgeons at USM Kubang Kerian. (A) Dr Jafri Malin Abdullah, (B) Dr Zamzuri Idris, (C) Dr Abdul Rahman Izaini Ghani, (D) Dr Muhammad Ihfaz Ismail, (E) Dr Diana Noma Fitzrol and (F) Dr Ang Song Yee
Figure 38
Figure 38
The previous and current neurosurgeons at IIUM. (A) Dr Sani Sayuti, (B) Dr Mohamed Saufi Awang and (C) Dr Chan Kin Hup
Figure 39
Figure 39
Photos in early 1980s of neurosurgeons working at Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Standing from left is Dr Mohammed Saffari Haspani, Dr Ahmad Zubaidi Abdul Latif, Dr Ahmad Khan Ibrahim Khan and Dr Ho Yau Shen. Sitting from left is Dr Selvapragasam Thambiah, Dr Kazem Djavadkhani and Dr Fadzli Cheah Abdullah
Figure 40
Figure 40
The previous and current head of department in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (A) Dr Johari Siregar Adnan and (B) Dr Mohammed Saffari Haspani were the previous head of department, (C) On 8 October 2019, a small farewell was done for Dr Johari’s retirement and his role was passed to Dr Azmi Alias
Figure 41
Figure 41
The current neurosurgeons at Hospital Kuala Lumpur. (A) Dr Azmi Alias, (B) Dr Adam Zakaria, (C) Dr Gurmit Singh a/l Attar Singh, (D) Dr Ravindran a/l Vashu, (E) Tinesh Kumaran a/l Jaya Raman, (F) Dr Rajendra Rao a/l Ramalu, (G) Dr Priya Sharda a/p Jagdish Mitter, (H) Dr Siti Azleen Mohamad, (I) Dr Fadzlishah Johanabas Rosli, (J) Dr Lee Chun Lin, (K) Dr Kanmani Devi a/p Ganison, (L) Dr Ng Wei Ping, (M) Dr Yee Sze Voon, (N) Dr Arulkanesh Devatatan and (O) Dr Lim Mei Sin
Figure 42
Figure 42
Neurosurgeons in major private hospitals in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. (A) Dr Selvapragasam a/l Thambiah, (B) Dr Chee Chee Pin, (C) Dr Wong Fung Chu, (D) Dr Muruga Kumar, (E) Dr Lee Foo Chiang, (F) Dr Halili Rahmat, (G) Dr Ravi S a/l Krishnapillai, (H) Dr Benedict Marius Selladurai, (I) Dr Sukumar a/l Sivasubramaniam, (J) Dr Zurin Adnan Abd Rahman, (K) Dr Jagdeep Singh Nanra a/l Kuljit Singh, (L) Dr Regunath Kandasamy, (M) Dr Abdul Muin Ishak, (N) Dr Sia Sheau Fung, (O) Dr N Ramesh a/l Narenthiranathan, (P) Dr Syed Abdullah Al-Hadad, (Q) Dr Gunasegaran Thangaveloo, (R) Dr Lim Heng Tien, (S) Dr Kevin Sek Weng Yew and (T) Dr Gerard Arvind Martin
Figure 43
Figure 43
The current neurosurgeons in Hospital Sungai Buloh (A) Dr Azmin Kass Rosman, (B) Dr Saiful Azli Mat Nayan, (C) Dr Liew Boon Seng, (D) Dr Cheah Pooi Pooi, (E) Dr Mah Jon Kooi, (F) You Xin Li, (G) Dr Lee Shwu Yi and (H) Dr Muhammad Aizzat Othman
Figure 44
Figure 44
The final year Master in Neurosurgery USM exam 2008 was held at Hospital Sungai Buloh. Standing at the back were the final year trainees (from left to right) Dr Kan Choon Hong, Dr Badrisyah Idris, Dr Sharon Casilda Theophilus and Dr Nujaimin Udin
Figure 45
Figure 45
The Virtual Brain Suite event in 2016 organised by the Neurosurgical Department at Hospital Sungai Buloh. From left to right: Dr You Xin Li, Dr Cheah Pooi Pooi, Dr Ng Wei Ping, Dr Azmin Kass Rosman, Dr Johari Siregar Adenan, Dr Mah Jon Kooi, Dr Ailani Abd Ghani and Dr Chan Chee Keong
Figure 46
Figure 46
The first Epilepsy Surgery Workshop and Live Surgery at Hospital Sungai Buloh was held on 11–13 February 2014
Figure 47
Figure 47
An old photo of Johor Bahru General Hospital
Figure 48
Figure 48
A group photo with Dr Johari Adnan Siregar who established the Brain Suite Intraoperative CT
Figure 49
Figure 49
The Johor Neuro-Emergency course 2019 organised by Neurosurgery Department at Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru
Figure 50
Figure 50
The current neurosurgeons in Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru. (A) Dr Noor Azman A Rahman @ Mohd, (B) Dr Sharon Theophilus, (C) Dr Chan Chee Kong, (D) Dr Asma Mohamad Afifi, (E) Dr Rakesh Rethinasamy, (F) Dr Tan Zi Han, (G) Dr Saravanan a/l Sridharan and (H) Dr Nurshaheda Mohd Salleh
Figure 51
Figure 51
The neurosurgeons in major private hospitals in Johor Bahru. (A) Dr Ahmad Khan Ibrahim Khan, (B) Dr Devaraj Pancharatnam, (C) Dr Ashraf Sharifuddin, (D) Dr Teo Beng Tiong, (E) Dr Ariz Chong Abdullah @ Chong Chee Yong and (F) Dr Risdhawati Hassan
Figure 52
Figure 52
The neurosurgeons currently working in Negeri Sembilan. (A) Dr Mohd Hafiz Mohamad Zain (private sector), (B) Dr Rahmat Harun @Haron (head department of neurosurgery) and (C) Dr Faizul Hizal Ghazali
Figure 53
Figure 53
(A) First introduction of the neurosurgical service at Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar (B) At the beginning, some equipment including the microscope and brain retractor system (DORO LUNA) were borrowed
Figure 54
Figure 54
(A) Dr Rahmat Harun @Haron was subsequently joined by Dr Faizul Hizal Ghazali in April 2018, (B) A redflag of neurosurgery course held in Negeri Sembilan in 2019
Figure 55
Figure 55
Previous and current neurosurgeons in major private hospitals in Melaka. (A) Dr Chee Wee Liam, (B) Dr M Nachiappan a/l Murugavadigal, (C) Dr Ravi Mamamurthi, (D) Dr Sani Sayuthi, (E) Dr MK Radha Krishnan, (F) Dr Chan Kin Hup and (G) Dr Parthiban Navoo
Figure 56
Figure 56
Dr Azmin Kass Rosman became the third neurosurgeon leading neurosurgical department at Penang General Hospital. The photo was taken during his leadership between 1998–2005
Figure 57
Figure 57
Dr Ravindran Katheerayson became the fourth neurosurgeon leading neurosurgical department at Penang General Hospital. The photo was taken with Director of Penang General Hospital in 2005
Figure 58
Figure 58
The current neurosurgeons in Penang General Hospital. (A) Dr Nasser Abdul Wahab (2014–2020), (B) Dr Azman Raffiq (current head of department), (C) Dr Ch’ng Chee How, (D) Dr Senthil Kumar a/l Rajapathy, (E) Dr Kelvin Lim Liang Hooi and (F) Dr Kumarappan a/l Chokalingam
Figure 59
Figure 59
Neurosurgeons in major private hospitals in Pulau Pinang. (A) Dr Kazem Djavadkhani, (B) Dr Yoong Meow Foong, (C) Dr Mohd Supion Hj Dimin, (D) Dr K Ravindran a/l Katheerayson, (E) Dr Ng Cheok Man, (F) Dr Mathew Tung Yu Yee, (G) Dr Kan Choon Hong, (H) Dr Gee Teak Seng, (I) Dr Tan Yew Chin, (J) Dr B Gunasekaran a/l VJ Balasundaram, (K) Dr Lee Hock Keong and (L) Dr Ahmad Zamzuri Remeli
Figure 60
Figure 60
Event in 2009: Ipoh Neurosurgical Nite Dinner. From left to right; Dr Azmi Alias, Dr Mohammed Saffari Haspani, Dr Fadzli Cheah Abdullah and Dr Cheang Chee Keong
Figure 61
Figure 61
Photo in 2002 where Dr Mohammed Saffari Haspani and Dr Cheang Chee Keong were performing spine surgery
Figure 62
Figure 62
Current neurosurgeons at Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun. (A) Dr Mohamad Azhari Omar, (B) Dr Premananda Raja a/l Murugesu, (C) Dr Mohd Syahiran Mohd Sidek and (D) Dr Neoh Yee Yik
Figure 63
Figure 63
Neurosurgeons in major private hospitals in Perak. (A) Dr Fadzli Cheah Abdullah, (B) Dr Cheang Chee Keong, (C) Dr Baskaran a/l Suppiah, (D) Dr Tan Wei Ming and (E) Dr Jason Raj a/l Johnson Kovilpillai
Figure 64
Figure 64
The present neurosurgeons at Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah. (A) Dr Lai Chuang Chee and (B) Dr Asrarul Fikri Abu Hassan
Figure 65
Figure 65
The previous and current neurosurgeons in private sector in Kedah. (A) The late Dr Anil a/l K Sivasankaran (B) Dr Daniel Rajesh Babbu
Figure 66
Figure 66
Dr Gerald Arvind Martin and the operating theatre staff at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan during two separate surgeries
Figure 67
Figure 67
The current neurosurgical team at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan. Second, seated from left are Dr Ailani Abdul Ghani, Dr Mohd Aidil Mohd Nor and Dr Low Siaw Nee
Figure 68
Figure 68
Dr Khairul Muhsein Abdullah is practicing in private sector in Pahang
Figure 69
Figure 69
The department is run by (A) Dr Nujaimin Udin, assisted by (B) Dr Jacintha Vikeneswary Francis and (C) Dr Shukriyah Sulong
Figure 70
Figure 70
The 4th Neurotrauma Symposium 2019 in Terengganu. In the middle is Dr Nujaimin Udin and to his left is Dr Jacintha Vikeneswary Francis
Figure 71
Figure 71
The previous and current neurosurgeons in Sarawak General Hospital (A) Professor Yuji Asou from Tokyo University, (B) the late Dr Ching Hin San, (C) Dr Albert Wong Sii Hieng, (D) Dr Donald Liew Ngian San, (E) Dr Lim Swee San, (F) Dr Davendran Kanesan, (G) Dr Lau Bik Liang, (H) Dr Goh Chin Hwee, (I) Dr Low Yong Lee, (J) Dr Teo Eu Gene and (K) Dr Sam Joe Ee
Figure 72
Figure 72
Current neurosurgeons in Sibu Hospital. (A) Dr Giat Seng Kho and (B) Dr Nelson Yap Kok Bing
Figure 73
Figure 73
Current neurosurgeons at Miri Hospital. (A) Dr Manvinder Singh Mangat and (B) Dr Low Peh Hueh
Figure 74
Figure 74
The neurosurgeons in private sector in Sarawak. (A) Dr Haroon M Pillay and (B) Dr Adrian Ng Wei Chih
Figure 75
Figure 75
The current neurosurgeons in Sabah. (A) Dr Pulivendhan Sellamuthu, (B) Dr Ananda Arumugam, (C) Dr Sofan Zenian, (D) Dr Ramani a/l Thiagarajah, (E) Dr Prabu Rau a/l Sriram, (F) Dr Vinodh a/l Vayara Perumall and (G) Dr Ramissh Paramasivam
Figure 76
Figure 76
Dr Tan Wei Chean is the only neurosurgeon in private sector in Sabah
Figure 77
Figure 77
The First Inaugural Annual General Meeting of Neurosurgical Association Malaysia was held at the Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts, Kuala Lumpur on 16 June 2001
Figure 78
Figure 78
The past and current president of NAM. (A) Dato’ Dr Nadasan Arumugasamy (first president; 2001–2003), (B) Dr Fadzli Cheah Abdullah (second president; 2003–2007), (C) Dr Chee Chee Pin (third president; 2007–2011), (D) Dr Yoong Meow Foong (fourth president; 2011–2015), (E) Dr Mohammed Saffari Haspani (fifth president; 2015–2017), (F) Dr Hari Chandran Thambinayagam (sixth president; 2017–2019) and (G) Dr Kantha Rasalingam (seventh president; 2019–current)
Figure 79
Figure 79
The Think Tank of the 6th International Symposia of the WFNS with the event organisers/conference partners
Figure 80
Figure 80
The end of the trepidation
Figure 81
Figure 81
The ASEAN Neurosurgical Society virtual executive meeting
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