Comparative Analysis of Triglycerides From Different Regions and Mature Lactation Periods in Chinese Human Milk Project (CHMP) Study

Abstract

The kinds and proportions of triglycerides of human mature milk play an independent role in the growth of infants. In this study, the human milk samples obtained from eight different Chinese cities (Chengdu, Weihai, Lanzhou, Jinhua, Beijing, Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Harbin) and six sequential mature lactation times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days) were detected for the triglycerides. The result demonstrated that total 66 triglycerides were detected in mature human milk, with acyl carbon number (ACN) numbers were locating in the range of 34-54 and double bond (DB) numbers were locating in the range of 0-6. In addition, the percentage of OPO, OPL, and OOO was relatively higher than others, accounted for more than 4% of total triglycerides in all the lactation areas and times, and the percentage of U2S and LLL triglycerides was also richest in mature milk. Furthermore, it was obvious that lactation regions had more significant effect on the triglycerides compared with lactation time and the triacylglycerols (TAGs) of human milk in Guangzhou were clearly different from that in other regions. Therefore, the results of this study will provide data reference for the design of infant formula suitable for Chinese babies.

Keywords: human milk; lactation period; mature milk; regions; triacylglycerols.

Figure 1

Score plots of PLS-DA (A,C) and goodness of the models (B,D) based on triglycerides of mature human milk in different lactation region and time. R2X and R2Y are the cumulative modeled variation in the X and Y matrix, respectively, and Q2 is the cumulative predicted variation in the Y matrix. The values of these parameters close to 1.0 indicate a robust mathematical model with a reliable predictive accuracy. PLS-DA, partial least-squares-discriminate analysis.

Figure 2

Loading plots of PLS-DA (A,B) based on triglycerides of mature human milk in different lactation regions and time. R2X and R2Y are the cumulative modeled variation in the X and Y matrix, respectively. Abbreviations in the triacylglycerols (TAGs) are as follows: Ca, capric acid; La, lauric acid; M, myristic acid; Pe, pentadecanoic acid; P, palmitic acid; Po, Pamitoleic acid; S, stearic acid; O, oleic acid; L, linoleic acid; Ln, linolenic acid; A, arachidic acid; E, Eicosenoic acid.

Figure 3

Dendrogram of the triglycerides composition in the mature human milk with different lactation regions and time clustered using the TBtools which conducted by the hierarchical clustering algorithm.

Figure 4

Dendrogram of characteristics of triglycerides in the mature human milk with different lactation region and time clustered using the TBtools which conducted by the hierarchical clustering algorithm.

Figure 5

Score plots (A,C) and loading plots (B,D) of PLS-DA based on triglycerides of mature human milk in different lactation regions and time. R2X and R2Y are the cumulative modeled variation in the X and Y matrix, respectively, and Q2 is the cumulative predicted variation in the Y matrix. Abbreviations in the triglycerides are as follows: S, saturated fatty acid; U, unsaturated fatty acid; M, medium-chain fatty acid; L, long-chain fatty acid; S, short-chain fatty acid.