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Review
. 2022 Jan 2;23(1):499.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23010499.

Graphene for Antimicrobial and Coating Application

Viritpon Srimaneepong  1 , Hans Erling Skallevold  2 , Zohaib Khurshid  3 , Muhammad Sohail Zafar  4   5 , Dinesh Rokaya  6 , Janak Sapkota  7
Affiliations
Review

Graphene for Antimicrobial and Coating Application

Viritpon Srimaneepong et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Graphene is a versatile compound with several outstanding properties, providing a combination of impressive surface area, high strength, thermal and electrical properties, with a wide array of functionalization possibilities. This review aims to present an introduction of graphene and presents a comprehensive up-to-date review of graphene as an antimicrobial and coating application in medicine and dentistry. Available articles on graphene for biomedical applications were reviewed from January 1957 to August 2020) using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The selected articles were included in this study. Extensive research on graphene in several fields exists. However, the available literature on graphene-based coatings in dentistry and medical implant technology is limited. Graphene exhibits high biocompatibility, corrosion prevention, antimicrobial properties to prevent the colonization of bacteria. Graphene coatings enhance adhesion of cells, osteogenic differentiation, and promote antibacterial activity to parts of titanium unaffected by the thermal treatment. Furthermore, the graphene layer can improve the surface properties of implants which can be used for biomedical applications. Hence, graphene and its derivatives may hold the key for the next revolution in dental and medical technology.

Keywords: bioactivity; bone regeneration; coatings; graphene; tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structure of graphene [12].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Various methods of production of graphene.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Production of graphene oxide (GO) reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and animated graphene oxide (AGO) from graphene [39].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Characterization of graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite formed from GO sheets decorated with Ag (GO/Ag). (a) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image, (b) Raman spectra, and (c) X-ray diffraction (XRD) [49].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Biomedical applications of graphene-based coatings.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Anti-corrosion graphene blended with polyvinyl alcohol (GPVA) coatings: (a) Nyquist plot of bare Al-2219 and PVA coated Al-2219, (b) Nyquist plot of GPVA coated Al-2219, (c) Bode plot from the impedance analysis, and (d) Tafel plot of bare Al, PVA coated Al, and GPVA coated Al [115].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Fluorescence microscopy images of cells following exposure to graphene oxide (500 μg mL−1): (a) X. campestris pv. undulosa, (c) P. syringae, (e) F. oxysporum, and (g) F. graminearum and images following staining of cells with propidium iodide and fluorescence stain (b,d,f,h) [144].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Antibacterial mechanism of graphene oxide against pathogens and fungal spores [144].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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