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. 2021 Dec 22;15(1):51.
doi: 10.3390/ma15010051.

Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste

Takahiro Shuto  1 , Yuichi Mine  2 , Seicho Makihira  3 , Hiroki Nikawa  3 , Takanori Wachi  4 , Kazutoshi Kakimoto  1
Affiliations

Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste

Takahiro Shuto et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Fluoride and abrasives in toothpastes may cause corrosion and deterioration of the titanium used for implants and other prostheses. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the presence or absence and types of fluoride and abrasives affected the titanium surface texture. Brushing with toothpastes was performed on pure-titanium discs using an abrasive testing machine. Unprocessed titanium discs without brushing were used as control samples. Surface roughness, color, and gloss of titanium were measured and the differences compared with the control were analyzed. Additionally, titanium surfaces and abrasives in toothpastes were observed using a scanning electron microscope to compare the surface texture of each sample. Some toothpastes (abrasive+) significantly increased the difference in surface roughness, color, and gloss, compared with ultrapure water. Toothpaste (fluoride+/abrasive+) that had many polygonal abrasive particles led to the largest color differences and exhibited notable scratches and a larger number of contaminant- or corrosion-like black spots. In contrast, brushing with toothpaste without fluoride or abrasives (fluoride-/abrasive-) caused little change to the titanium surface. These results suggest that both fluoride and abrasives in toothpaste used for brushing may be factors that affect surface texture and corrosion resistance of titanium.

Keywords: abrasive; brushing; corrosion; fluoride; titanium surface; toothpaste.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM images of abrasive particles in toothpastes, magnification of 500×.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Influence of brushing with toothpastes or MQ on titanium surface roughness. Surface roughness values represent the variations with the values of the control sample. Independent experiments were repeated three times. Data represent the means ± SD of triplicate experiments. The different letters among the samples indicate a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Influence of brushing with toothpastes or MQ on titanium color. The color values represent the variations with the values of control sample. Independent experiments were repeated three times. Data represent the means ± SD of triplicate experiments. The different letters among the samples indicate a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Influence of brushing with toothpastes or MQ on titanium gloss. The gloss values represent the variations with the values of the control sample. Independent experiments were repeated three times. Data represent the means ± SD of triplicate experiments. The different letters among the samples indicate a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01).
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM images of titanium disc surfaces brushed with MQ or toothpastes and an unprocessed titanium disc (control), magnification of 500×.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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