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. 2021 Dec 24;15(1):116.
doi: 10.3390/ma15010116.

Influence of Sandblasting and Chemical Etching on Titanium 99.2-Dental Porcelain Bond Strength

Malgorzata Lubas  1 , Jaroslaw Jan Jasinski  2 , Anna Zawada  1 , Iwona Przerada  1
Affiliations

Influence of Sandblasting and Chemical Etching on Titanium 99.2-Dental Porcelain Bond Strength

Malgorzata Lubas et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The metal-ceramic interface requires proper surface preparation of both metal and ceramic substrates. This process is complicated by the differences in chemical bonds and physicochemical properties that characterise the two materials. However, adequate bond strength at the interface and phase composition of the titanium-bioceramics system is essential for the durability of dental implants and improving the substrates' functional properties. In this paper, the authors present the results of a study determining the effect of mechanical and chemical surface treatment (sandblasting and etching) on the strength and quality of the titanium-low-fusing dental porcelain bond. To evaluate the strength of the metal-ceramic interface, the authors performed mechanical tests (three-point bending) according to EN ISO 9693 standard, microscopic observations (SEM-EDS), and Raman spectroscopy studies. The results showed that depending on the chemical etching medium used, different bond strength values and failure mechanisms of the metal-ceramic system were observed. The analyzed samples met the requirements of EN ISO 9693 for metal-ceramic systems and received strength values above 25 MPa. Higher joint strength was obtained for the samples after sandblasting and chemical etching compared to the samples subjected only to sandblasting.

Keywords: bond strength; dental porcelain; metal-ceramic system; surface treatment; titanium 99.2.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Titanium 99.2—Duceratin Kiss porcelain samples after firing process, (a) Bond, (b) Opaque, (c) Dentin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanical testing of Duceratin Kiss porcelain samples (a) view of the samples arrangement in the bending system supports, (b) schematic view of the three-point bending test of a metal-ceramic system according to EN ISO 9693:2019 standard.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Microstructure and chemical analysis (SEM-EDS) of the substrates sandblasted with Al2O3 (reference sample) and coated with a Duceratin porcelain layers (a) Bond, (b) Opaque, (c) Dentin.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Microstructure and chemical composition analysis (SEM-EDS) of titanium 99.2−Duceratin Kiss samples after mechanochemical surface treatment, (a) sandblasted with Al2O3, (b) sandblasted with Al2O3 and H3PO4 acid etched, (c) sandblasted with Al2O3 and HCl acid etched, (d) sandblasted with Al2O3 and 10% NaOH + CuSO4 + 5H2O/H3PO4 solution etched, (e) sandblasted with Al2O3 and 10% NaOH + CuSO4 + 5H2O/HCl solution etched.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Microstructure and chemical composition analysis (SEM-EDS) of titanium 99.2−Duceratin Kiss samples after mechanochemical surface treatment, (a) sandblasted with Al2O3, (b) sandblasted with Al2O3 and H3PO4 acid etched, (c) sandblasted with Al2O3 and HCl acid etched, (d) sandblasted with Al2O3 and 10% NaOH + CuSO4 + 5H2O/H3PO4 solution etched, (e) sandblasted with Al2O3 and 10% NaOH + CuSO4 + 5H2O/HCl solution etched.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Fracture types of the Ti 99.2–Duceratin Kiss porcelain bond, (A) metal–oxide layer, (B) oxide layer–oxide layer, (C) porcelain layer–porcelain layer [53].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Raman spectroscopy measurements of titanium 99.2−Duceratin Kiss dental porcelain system (a) microscopic image of the metal–porcelain interface (b) Raman spectra of the bonding area.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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