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. 2021 Dec 22;12(1):16.
doi: 10.3390/nano12010016.

Evaluation of the Safety and Toxicity of the Original Copper Nanocomposite Based on Poly-N-vinylimidazole

Irina A Shurygina  1 , Galina F Prozorova  2 , Irina S Trukhan  1 , Svetlana A Korzhova  2 , Nataliya N Dremina  1 , Artem I Emel'yanov  2 , Olesya V Say  1 , Nadezhda P Kuznetsova  2 , Alexander S Pozdnyakov  2 , Michael G Shurygin  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of the Safety and Toxicity of the Original Copper Nanocomposite Based on Poly-N-vinylimidazole

Irina A Shurygina et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

A new original copper nanocomposite based on poly-N-vinylimidazole was synthesized and characterized by a complex of modern physicochemical and biological methods. The low cytotoxicity of the copper nanocomposite in relation to the cultured hepatocyte cells was found. The possibility to involve the copper from the nanocomposite in the functioning of the copper-dependent enzyme systems was evaluated during the incubation of the hepatocyte culture with this nanocomposite introduced to the nutrient medium. The synthesized new water-soluble copper-containing nanocomposite is promising for biotechnological and biomedical research as a new non-toxic hydrophilic preparation that is allowed to regulate the work of key enzymes involved in energy metabolism and antioxidant protection as well as potentially serving as an additional source of copper.

Keywords: copper nanocomposite; copper-dependent enzyme systems; cytotoxicity; hepatocyte; poly-N-vinylimidazole.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Synthesis of poly-N-vinylimidazole (PVI).
Figure 1
Figure 1
FTIR-spectra of PVI and NC(Cu-PVI) (1).
Figure 2
Figure 2
UV–visible spectra of NC(Cu-PVI).
Figure 3
Figure 3
TEM image (A) and sizes histogram of NC(Cu-PVI) (B).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Histogram of the distribution over the hydrodynamic diameters of the scattering particles of NC(Cu-PVI) and the initial PVI.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Culture of primary hepatocytes after incubation for 6 h (A,C,E) and 24 h (B,D,F) with NC(Cu-PVI) (C,D) and CuAc2 (E,F). (A,B) Control samples. Magnifications are 40× (A–E), 20× (F).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Culture of primary hepatocytes after incubation for 6 h (A,C,E) and 24 h (B,D,F) with NC(Cu-PVI) (C,D) and CuAc2 (E,F). (A,B) Control samples. Magnifications are 40× (A–E), 20× (F).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Change in ALT activity in the culture medium after 6 h (A) and 24 h (B) of incubation with the NC(Cu-PVI) or CuAc2 compared with the control group and depending on the duration of incubation (C). Medians and first and third quartiles are shown. * Differences are considered significant at p < 0.05.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Change in ALT activity in the culture medium after 6 h (A) and 24 h (B) of incubation with the NC(Cu-PVI) or CuAc2 compared with the control group and depending on the duration of incubation (C). Medians and first and third quartiles are shown. * Differences are considered significant at p < 0.05.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Change in AST activity in the culture medium after 6 h (A) and 24 h (B) of incubation with NC(Cu-PVI) or CuAc2 compared with the control group and depending on the duration of incubation (C). Medians and first and third quartiles are shown. * Differences are considered significant at p < 0.05.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Change in AST activity in the culture medium after 6 h (A) and 24 h (B) of incubation with NC(Cu-PVI) or CuAc2 compared with the control group and depending on the duration of incubation (C). Medians and first and third quartiles are shown. * Differences are considered significant at p < 0.05.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Change in ALP activity in the culture medium after 6 h (A) and 24 h (B) of incubation with the NC(Cu-PVI) or CuAc2 in comparison with the control group and depending on the duration of incubation (C). Medians and first and third quartiles are shown. * Differences are considered significant at p < 0.05.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Changes in the cytochrome c oxidase fluorescent stain intensity in the hepatocyte culture after 6 h (A) and 24 h (B) of incubation with the NC(Cu-PVI) or CuAc2 in comparison with the control group and depending on the duration of incubation (C). Medians and first and third quartiles are shown. * Differences are considered significant at p < 0.05.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Changes in the glutathione synthetase fluorescent stain intensity in the hepatocyte culture after 6 h (A) and 24 h (B) of incubation with the NC(Cu-PVI) or CuAc2 in comparison with the control group and depending on the duration of incubation (C). Medians and first and third quartiles are shown. * Differences are considered significant at p < 0.05.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Changes in the glutathione synthetase fluorescent stain intensity in the hepatocyte culture after 6 h (A) and 24 h (B) of incubation with the NC(Cu-PVI) or CuAc2 in comparison with the control group and depending on the duration of incubation (C). Medians and first and third quartiles are shown. * Differences are considered significant at p < 0.05.
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