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. 2022 Jan 5;19(1):608.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010608.

Seasonal and Spatial Variation in Dissolved Heavy Metals in Liaodong Bay, China

Weijun Guo  1   2 , Jibing Zou  1 , Sihong Liu  1 , Xuewen Chen  3 , Xiangpeng Kong  1 , Hong Zhang  4 , Tiaojian Xu  2
Affiliations

Seasonal and Spatial Variation in Dissolved Heavy Metals in Liaodong Bay, China

Weijun Guo et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Spatial-seasonal variations in dissolved heavy metals in surface seawater were analyzed based on surveys at 87 sampling sites and water samples from six rivers across Liaodong Bay. The concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) had ranges of 0.20-40.00 (5.45 ± 5.67), 0.51-33.64 (4.68 ± 3.93), 0.03-13.47 (2.22 ± 2.01), and 0.50-80.09 μg/L (14.22 ± 16.32), respectively, throughout the four seasons of 2020. The trace metal concentration showed a spatial gradient of high to low from river to estuary and from inshore to offshore areas. A combination of pollution levels and marine sensitivity was employed to assess the pollution degree of the heavy metals. As a whole, the single pollution factors of trace metals in Liaodong Bay were ranged in the order Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd. The total pollution degree was relatively high in autumn and summer due to increased riverine inputs after the rainy season, while relatively low in spring and winter. These findings provide baseline data for future targeting policies to protect marine environments in Liaodong Bay.

Keywords: Liaodong Bay; dissolved heavy metals; seasonal variation; spatial distribution.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sampling stations (a) and marine spatial planning areas (b) in the Liaodong Bay.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Metal seasonal variations in water samples from Liaodong Bay and rivers flowing into the bay. Error bars indicate standard errors. (a) Cu; (b) Pb; (c) Cd; (d) Zn.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Seasonal and regional variations in Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in seawater. Error bars indicate standard errors. (a) Cu; (b) Pb; (c) Cd; (d) Zn.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Horizontal distributions of dissolved Cu in Liaodong Bay from February 2020 to October 2020.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Horizontal distributions of dissolved Pb in Liaodong Bay from February 2020 to October 2020.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Horizontal distributions of dissolved Cd in Liaodong Bay from February 2020 to October 2020.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Horizontal distributions of dissolved Zn in Liaodong Bay from February 2020 to October 2020.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Pollution factors for dissolved heavy metals in different regions of Liaodong Bay at different months.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Horizontal distributions of dissolved heavy metal pollution degree in Liaodong Bay from February 2020 to October 2020.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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