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Review
. 2021 Dec 30;14(1):169.
doi: 10.3390/nu14010169.

Nutrition Concepts for the Treatment of Obesity in Adults

Meike Wiechert  1 , Christina Holzapfel  1
Affiliations
Review

Nutrition Concepts for the Treatment of Obesity in Adults

Meike Wiechert et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Obesity caused by a positive energy balance is a serious health burden. Studies have shown that obesity is the major risk factor for many diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart diseases, or various types of cancer. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of increased body weight are key. Different evidence-based treatment approaches considering weight history, body mass index (BMI) category, and co-morbidities are available: lifestyle intervention, formula diet, drugs, and bariatric surgery. For all treatment approaches, behaviour change techniques, reduction in energy intake, and increasing energy expenditure are required. Self-monitoring of diet and physical activity provides an effective behaviour change technique for weight management. Digital tools increase engagement rates for self-monitoring and have the potential to improve weight management. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize current available treatment approaches for obesity, to provide a selective overview of nutrition trends, and to give a scientific viewpoint for various nutrition concepts for weight loss.

Keywords: carbohydrate; dietary recommendation; fat; intermittent fasting; overweight; protein; weight loss.

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Conflict of interest statement

M.W. declares no conflict of interest. C.H. is a member of the scientific advisory board of the 4sigma GmbH Oberhaching, Germany.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Treatment approaches.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overview of weight management goals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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