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Review
. 2021 Dec 31;14(1):185.
doi: 10.3390/nu14010185.

Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers-A State-of-the-Art Review

James Curtis Dring  1 , Alicja Forma  1 , Zuzanna Chilimoniuk  1 , Maciej Dobosz  1 , Grzegorz Teresiński  1 , Grzegorz Buszewicz  1 , Jolanta Flieger  2 , Tomasz Cywka  1 , Jacek Januszewski  1 , Jacek Baj  3
Affiliations
Review

Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers-A State-of-the-Art Review

James Curtis Dring et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Gynecological neoplasms pose a serious threat to women's health. It is estimated that in 2020, there were nearly 1.3 million new cases worldwide, from which almost 50% ended in death. The most commonly diagnosed are cervical and endometrial cancers; when it comes to infertility, it affects ~48.5 million couples worldwide and the number is continually rising. Ageing of the population, environmental factors such as dietary habits, environmental pollutants and increasing prevalence of risk factors may affect the reproductive potential in women. Therefore, in order to identify potential risk factors for these issues, attention has been drawn to trace elements. Trace mineral imbalances can be caused by a variety of causes, starting with hereditary diseases, finishing with an incorrect diet or exposure to polluted air or water. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding trace elements imbalances in the case of gynecologic cancers as well as female fertility and during pregnancy.

Keywords: carcinogenesis; female reproductive system; fertility; gynecology; trace metals.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The most prevalent factors associated with female infertility.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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