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Review
. 2021 Dec 24;11(1):75.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11010075.

Basal Septal Hypertrophy as the Early Imaging Biomarker for Adaptive Phase of Remodeling Prior to Heart Failure

Fatih Yalçin  1   2 , Hulya Yalçin  1   2 , Nagehan Küçükler  2 , Serbay Arslan  2 , Oguz Akkuş  2 , Alparslan Kurtul  2 , Maria Roselle Abraham  1
Affiliations
Review

Basal Septal Hypertrophy as the Early Imaging Biomarker for Adaptive Phase of Remodeling Prior to Heart Failure

Fatih Yalçin et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Hypertension plays a dominant role in the development of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and heart failure, in addition to being the main risk factor for coronary artery disease. In this review, we focus on the focal geometric and functional tissue aspects of the LV septal base, since basal septal hypertrophy (BSH), as the early imaging biomarker of LV remodeling due to hypertensive heart disease, is detected in cross-sectional clinic studies. In addition, the validation of BSH by animal studies using third generation microimaging and relevant clinical observations are also discussed in the report. Finally, an evaluation of both human and animal quantitative imaging studies and the importance of combined cardiac imaging methods and stress-induction in the separation of adaptive and maladaptive phases of the LV remodeling are pointed out. As a result, BSH, as the early imaging biomarker and quantitative follow-up of functional analysis in hypertension, could possibly contribute to early treatment in a timely fashion in the prevention of hypertensive disease progression to heart failure. A variety of stress stimuli in etiopathogenesis and the difficulty of diagnosing pure hemodynamic overload mediated BSH lead to an absence of the certain prevalence of this particular finding in the population.

Keywords: basal septal hypertrophy; early imaging biomarker; heart failure; hypertension and stressed heart morphology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A slight curve of septal base from apical 4 chamber view during end-diastole in a patient with systemic hypertension and basal septal hypertrophy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A sharp curvature of more remarkable basal septal hypertrophy from apical 4 chamber view during end-diastole in another hypertensive patient.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Predominantly placed hypertrophy over septal base from apical 4 chamber view during end-diastole in a patient with aortic stenosis and basal septal hypertrophy.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a,b): Cardiac images of a mice using 3rd generation microscopic ultrasound show normal cardiac geometry and a regularly remodeled septal wall with thickerseptal base at 4 weeks after stress induction due to pressure-overload (TAC: transverse aortic construction), respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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