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. 2022 Jan:92:103346.
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2021.103346. Epub 2021 Dec 24.

Risk, uncertainty and ambiguity amid Covid-19: A multi-national analysis of international travel intentions

Allan M Williams  1 , Jason Li Chen  1 , Gang Li  1 , Vladimír Baláž  2
Affiliations

Risk, uncertainty and ambiguity amid Covid-19: A multi-national analysis of international travel intentions

Allan M Williams et al. Ann Tour Res. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

This study analyses how Covid-19 shapes individuals' international tourism intentions in context of bounded rationality. It provides a novel analysis of risk which is disaggregated into tolerance/aversion of and competence to manage risks across three different aspects: general, domain (tourism) and situational (Covid-19). The impacts of risk are also differentiated from uncertainty and ambiguity. The empirical study is based on large samples (total = 8962) collected from the world's top five tourism source markets: China, USA, Germany, UK and France. Various risk factors show significant predictive powers of individual's intentions to defer international tourism plans amid Covid-19. Uncertainty and ambiguity intolerance is shown to lead to intentions to take holidays relatively sooner rather than delaying the holiday plans.

Keywords: Ambiguity; Ordinal Logistic model; Pandemic; Risk; Travel Intention; Uncertainty.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Intra-continental travel intentions.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Inter-continental travel intentions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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