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Review
. 2022;16(1):9.
doi: 10.1007/s41742-021-00387-1. Epub 2022 Jan 6.

A Review on the Potential of Common Disinfection Processes for the Removal of Virus from Wastewater

Sevda Jalali Milani  1 , Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi  1
Affiliations
Review

A Review on the Potential of Common Disinfection Processes for the Removal of Virus from Wastewater

Sevda Jalali Milani et al. Int J Environ Res. 2022.

Abstract

Due to the prevalence of the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as findings of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and the possibility of viral transmission through wastewater, disinfection is required. As a consequence, based on prior investigations, this work initially employed the viral concentration detection technique, followed by the RT-qPCR assay, as the foundation for identifying the SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater. After that, the ability and efficacy of chlorine, ozone, and UV disinfection to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus from wastewater were examined. Chlorine disinfection is the most extensively used disinfection technology due to its multiple advantages. With a chlorine dioxide disinfectant dose of 40 mg/L, the SARS-CoV virus is inactivated after 30 min of contact time. On the other hand, ozone is a powerful oxidizer and an effective microbicide that is employed as a disinfectant due to its positive characteristics. After 30 min of exposure to 1000 ppmv ozone, corona pseudoviruses are reduced by 99%. Another common method of disinfection is using ultraviolet radiation, which is usually 253.7 nm suitable for ultraviolet disinfection. At a dose of 1048 mJ/cm2, UVC radiation completely inactivates the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Finally, to evaluate disinfection performance and optimize disinfection strategies to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, this study attempted to investigate the ability to remove and compare the effectiveness of each disinfectant to inactive the SARS-CoV-2 virus from wastewater, summarize studies, and provide future solutions due to the limited availability of integrated resources in this field and the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide.

Keywords: COVID-19; Chlorination; Coronavirus; Outbreak; Ozonation; SARS-CoV-2; UV radiation; Ultraviolet radiation; Wastewater treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of InterestOn behalf of all the authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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