Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jan 11;21(1):4.
doi: 10.1186/s12938-021-00973-6.

The global burden and attributable risk factors of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019

Yiyi Yao  1   2 , Xiangjie Lin  1   2 , Fenglin Li  1   2 , Jie Jin  1   2   3 , Huafeng Wang  4   5   6
Affiliations

The global burden and attributable risk factors of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019

Yiyi Yao et al. Biomed Eng Online. .

Abstract

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent subtype of leukemia in Western countries, causing a substantial health burden on patients and society. Comprehensive evaluation of the epidemiological characteristics of CLL is warranted, especially in the current context of global population aging. The main objective of this study is evaluating the disease burden of CLL at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019. As secondary objectives, we studied the influence of demographic factors and performed risk factor analysis. We hope this study could provide evidence for the evaluation of the effectiveness of previous prevention strategies and the formulation of future global health policies.

Results: Based on data of CLL between 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, we depicted the age, gender, and regional structure of the CLL burden population and described the impact of social development on the disease burden of CLL. The distribution and changing trends of attributable risk factors were also investigated. The global burden of CLL has increased dramatically. A high incidence has been achieved in males and elder people. Countries and territories with high social-demographic index (SDI) tended to have higher global burden than low-SDI region. Of risk factors, high body mass index and smoking were the major contributors for CLL-related mortality and disability adjusted life-years (DALYs).

Conclusion: In summary, the global CLL burden continues to rise over the past 30 years. The relocation of medical resource should be considered on a global scale.

Keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Death; Disability adjusted life-years; Global Burden of Disease; Incidence.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The incidence cases (A), deaths (B), and dalys (C) of 204 countries or territories in 2019. CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; DALY, disability-adjusted life year
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The ASIR (A), ASDR (B), and age-standardized DALY rate (C) of 204 countries or territories in 2019. CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; DALY, disability-adjusted life year
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The change trends of CLL’s incidence cases (A), deaths (B), and DALYs (C) across gender from 1990 to 2019. CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; SDI: Social-demographic index; DALY, disability-adjusted life year
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The incidence cases (A) and corresponding asir (B) of CLL across different age groups from 1990 to 2017 in the globe and various regions stratified by SDI. CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; SDI, socio-demographic index
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The correlation between EAPC of ASIR and ASIR of 1990 in 204 countries or territories. ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The change trends and correlation of ASIR (A), ASDR (B), age-standardized DALY rate (C) and SDI from 1990 to 2019 in 21 regions. CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; DALY, disability-adjusted life year; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; SDI, socio-demographic index
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Four risk factors contributing to CLL-related death (A), DALY (B), and corresponding ASDR (C), age-standardized DALY rate (D) from 1990 to 2017 in the globe and different regions stratified by SDI. CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; DALY, disability-adjusted life year; SDI, socio-demographic index
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Goding Sauer A, Fedewa SA, Butterly LF, Anderson JC, et al. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70:145–164. doi: 10.3322/caac.21601. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Stauder R, Eichhorst B, Hamaker ME, Kaplanov K, Morrison VA, Österborg A, et al. Management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the elderly: a position paper from an international Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) Task Force. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:218–227. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw547. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hallek M. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment. Am J Hematol. 2017;92:946–965. doi: 10.1002/ajh.24826. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kipps TJ, Stevenson FK, Wu CJ, Croce CM, Packham G, Wierda WG, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:16096. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.96. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Haenszel W, Kurihara M. Studies of Japanese migrants. I. Mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States. J Natl Cancer Institute. 1968;40:43–68. - PubMed