Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Nov;13(Suppl 2):S921-S926.
doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_371_21. Epub 2021 Nov 10.

COVID-2019-2020-2021: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

S Ganesh Kumar Reddy  1 , Maanini Mantena  2 , Sameer Krishna Prasad Garlapati  3 , B Prasanth Manohar  4 , Harpreet Singh  5 , Karan Singh Bajwa  6 , Heena Tiwari  7
Affiliations
Review

COVID-2019-2020-2021: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

S Ganesh Kumar Reddy et al. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021 Nov.

Abstract

Introduction: The world has faced the pandemic of COVID-19 in March 2020 and still it continues to affect in 2021. There is a great variation about the course of the disease and its features. Hence, in the present systemic review, we intend to determine the pooled estimations in the clinical features and prognosis along with the subgroups based on the severity of the disease in various regions of the world.

Materials and methods: Online data were collected from the search engines of EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The searched terms were COVID 19, CORONA, SARS-CoV-2, clinical features, Wuhan, etc. The study articles were collected that from January 2020 to February 2021. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, a meta-analysis was performed.

Results: A total of 5067 articles were selected, of which 176 were finalized for the study. There were a total of 11 countries that were included, with a total of 2½ lakh participants. Mean age was 47.5 years. Around 22.5% had comorbidities. The mortality was 5.5%. We observed a strong association between the medical condition of the patient and the severity of the infection. In severe cases, the most common symptoms were respiratory and gastrointestinal. The mortality was registered in those with pneumonia and end-organ failure.

Conclusion: It can be concluded from this meta-analysis that in a fourth of the positive patients, the disease was severe. In nearly 6% of the COVID-19 patients, mortality was seen. Patients with comorbidities and the severe form of the disease should be closely monitored.

Keywords: COVID-19; Clinical features; meta-analysis; outcomes; systemic review.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart describing the selection of the articles
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Distribution of Admitted to intensive care unit in various countries. (b) Distribution of requirement of ventilators among countries. (c) Distribution of severity among countries. (d) Distribution of mortality among countries
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020;91:157–60. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Young BE, Ong SW, Kalimuddin S, Low JG, Tan SY, Loh J, et al. Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA. 2020;323:1488–94. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708–20. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:475–81. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323:1061–9. - PMC - PubMed