Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Nov;13(Suppl 2):S1577-S1582.
doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_297_21. Epub 2021 Nov 10.

Evaluation of the Effect of Preoperative Amoxicillin on Bacteremia Associated with Exodontia in Periodontal and Periapical Pathology

Effie Edsor  1 , G Agnes Golda Priyadarshini  2 , P Gowri Shankar  3 , V Ramesh Srinivasan  4 , T Vigneswaran  4 , S Pradheep Raja  4
Affiliations

Evaluation of the Effect of Preoperative Amoxicillin on Bacteremia Associated with Exodontia in Periodontal and Periapical Pathology

Effie Edsor et al. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021 Nov.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics of 2 g of oral amoxicillin on bacteremia following extraction of teeth with periodontal and periapical pathology.

Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 160 patients. The patients were divided into four groups of forty patients each: two antibiotic groups, with periodontal and periapical pathology, receiving 2 g of oral amoxicillin preoperatively and two control groups, with periodontal and periapical pathology, receiving no amoxicillin preoperatively. Blood samples were collected before the start of the procedure, intraoperatively, and immediately following extraction of teeth. The collected blood samples were cultured and studied for bacterial growth.

Results: In the control group patients with periodontal pathology, 17 out of 40 blood samples showed growth of Streptococcus viridans along with Staphylococcus epidermidis. In the control group patients with periapical pathology, 14 out of 40 blood samples showed growth of S. viridans and Staphylococcus aureus. No growth was observed in both the groups on prophylactic antibiotics with 2 g of oral amoxicillin.

Conclusion: Bacteremia was found in 40% of the control group patients, while there was no bacteremia present in patients with preoperative administration of 2 g of oral amoxicillin.

Keywords: Amoxicillin; antibiotic; bacteremia; periapical; periodontal; prophylaxis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Blood draw before injecting local anesthesia
Figure 2
Figure 2
Blood draw after elevation of mucoperiosteal flap
Figure 3
Figure 3
Blood draw after tooth extraction
Figure 4
Figure 4
Brain–heart infusion broth
Figure 5
Figure 5
Collected blood in brain–heart infusion broth
Figure 6
Figure 6
Specimens are kept for incubation
Figure 7
Figure 7
Samples showing bacterial growth
Figure 8
Figure 8
Streptococcus viridans in blood agar culture medium
Figure 9
Figure 9
Culture showing growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis
Figure 10
Figure 10
Staphylococcus aureus in brain–heart agar medium
Graph 1
Graph 1
Presence of bacteremia in periodontal and periapical groups
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Li X, Kolltveit KM, Tronstad L, Olsen I. Systemic diseases caused by oral infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13:547–58. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Parahitiyawa NB, Jin LJ, Leung WK, Yam WC, Samaranayake LP. Microbiology of odontogenic bacteremia: Beyond endocarditis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22:46–64. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ramu C, Padmanabhan TV. Indications of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental practice - review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2:749–54. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Deo PN, Deshmukh R. Oral microbiome: Unveiling the fundamentals. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019;23:122–8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mang-de la Rosa MR, Castellanos-Cosano L, Romero-Perez MJ, Cutando A. The bacteremia of dental origin and its implications in the appearance of bacterial endocarditis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2014;19:e67–74. - PMC - PubMed