Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2022 Jan 7;47(6):e20210254.
doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210254. eCollection 2022.

Mindfulness-based treatment for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Mariana Sponholz Araujo  1   2 , Lucas Gabriel da Silva  3 , Gabriel Monteiro Alves Pereira  3 , Nanci Ferreira Pinto  4 , Fábio Marcelo Costa  2 , Lucas Moreira  2 , Daniella Porfírio Nunes  2 , Mariane Gonçalves Martynychen Canan  2 , Maria Helena Santos de Oliveira  5
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Mindfulness-based treatment for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Mariana Sponholz Araujo et al. J Bras Pneumol. .

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a mindfulness-based treatment (MBT) for smoking cessation or reduction and compare it with that of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Methods: This was a single-center randomized controlled clinical trial including 113 patients divided into two groups: MBT (n = 54) and CBT (n = 59). The interventions comprised eight 90-min sessions. The primary outcome was smoking cessation at 16 weeks after program initiation. Secondary outcomes included reduction in the mean number of cigarettes smoked/day at 16 weeks after treatment initiation, as well as smoking cessation and reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked/day at the last program session. Participants had to attend ≥ 50% of the sessions to be included in the primary outcome analysis. An intention-to-treat analysis was also performed.

Results: There was no difference between the groups regarding the primary outcome (30.4% in the MBT group vs. 31.6% in the CBT group, p = 0.68) or immediate abstinence rates (47.8% in the MBT group vs. 36.8% in the CBT group, p = 0.47). Both treatments were equally effective in reducing the number of cigarettes smoked/day at the last program session (a reduction of 93.33% [0-100%] in the MBT group and of 70% [33.3-100%] in the CBT group, p = 0.92) and at 16 weeks after program initiation (a reduction of 57.1% [0-100%] in the MBT group and of 70% [25-100%] in the CBT group, p = 0.49).

Conclusions: MBT appears to be as effective as CBT for smoking cessation or reduction and can be an option for the treatment of tobacco use disorders in Brazil (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: RBR-3w2scz [http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br]).

Objetivo:: Avaliar a eficácia de um mindfulness treatment (MT, tratamento baseado em atenção plena) para a cessação ou redução do tabagismo e compará-la à da terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC).

Métodos:: Ensaio clínico controlado randomizado realizado em um único centro, com 113 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: MT (n = 54) e TCC (n = 59). As intervenções consistiram em oito sessões de 90 min cada. O desfecho primário foi a cessação do tabagismo 16 semanas após o início do programa. Os desfechos secundários foram a redução da média de cigarros fumados/dia em 16 semanas após o início do programa, bem como a cessação do tabagismo e redução do número de cigarros fumados/dia na última sessão do programa. Os participantes deveriam comparecer a ≥ 50% das sessões para que fossem incluídos na análise do desfecho primário. Foi também realizada uma análise por intenção de tratamento.

Resultados:: Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto ao desfecho primário (30,4% no grupo MT vs. 31,6% no grupo TCC, p = 0,68) ou às taxas de abstinência imediata (47,8% no grupo MT vs. 36,8% no grupo TCC, p = 0,47). Ambos os tratamentos foram igualmente eficazes na redução do número de cigarros fumados/dia na última sessão do programa [redução de 93,33% (0-100%) no grupo MT e de 70% (33,3-100%) no grupo TCC, p = 0,92] e em 16 semanas após o início do programa [redução de 57,1% (0-100%) no grupo MT e de 70% (25-100%) no grupo TCC, p = 0,49].

Conclusões:: A MT parece ser tão eficaz quanto a TCC para a cessação ou redução do tabagismo e pode ser uma opção para o tratamento do tabagismo no Brasil.

[Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos - ReBEC; número de identificação: RBR-3w2scz (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br)]

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Flow chart of patient recruitment, enrollment, and follow-up. *Not reported at screening.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Abstinence rates by treatment group at 4 weeks after program initiation and at 16 weeks after program initiation (subgroup of patients with ≥ 50% attendance rates). MBT: mindfulness-based treatment; and CBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Smoking reduction at the end of mindfulness-based treatment (MBT) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). In A, median number of cigarettes smoked/day in the MBT and CBT groups at 4 weeks after program initiation and at 16 weeks after program initiation. In B, variation in the number of cigarettes smoked/day for each participant in the MBT group (n = 23). In C, variation in the number of cigarettes smoked/day for each participant in the CBT group (n = 38).
Figure 4
Figure 4. Correlation between smoking cessation program attendance and the percentage of reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked/day at 4 weeks after program initiation (in A and C) and at 16 weeks after program initiation (in B and D) in the mindfulness-based treatment (MBT) group and in the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization . Geneva: World Health Organization; c2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
    1. Brasil: Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde . VIGITEL BRASIL 2019, Vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico. Brasília: o Ministério; 2020. http://www.crn1.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/vigitel-brasil-2019-vi...
    1. Pinto M, Bardach A, Palacios A, Biz A, Alcaraz A, Rodriguez B, et al. Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortality. Cad Saude Publica. 2019;35(8):e00129118. doi: 10.1590/0102-311x00129118. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Fiore MC. US public health service clinical practice guideline: treating tobacco use and dependence. Respir Care. 2000;45(10):1200–1262. - PubMed
    1. Hughes JR, Keely J, Naud S. Shape of the relapse curve and long-term abstinence among untreated smokers. Addiction. 2004;99(1):29–38. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00540.x. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types