COVID-19 disease diagnosis from paper-based ECG trace image data using a novel convolutional neural network model

Abstract

Clinical reports show that COVID-19 disease has impacts on the cardiovascular system in addition to the respiratory system. Available COVID-19 diagnostic methods have been shown to have limitations. In addition to current diagnostic methods such as low-sensitivity standard RT-PCR tests and expensive medical imaging devices, the development of alternative methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19 disease would be beneficial for control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, it is important to quickly and accurately detect abnormalities caused by COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system via ECG. In this study, the diagnosis of COVID-19 disease is proposed using a novel deep Convolutional Neural Network model by using only ECG trace images created from ECG signals of COVID-19 infected patients based on the abnormalities caused by the COVID-19 virus on the cardiovascular system. An overall classification accuracy of 98.57%, 93.20%, 96.74% and AUC value of 0.9966, 0.9771, 0.9905 is achieved for COVID-19 vs. Normal, COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats, COVID-19 vs. Myocardial Infarction binary classification tasks, respectively. In addition, an overall classification accuracy of 86.55% and 83.05% is achieved for COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats vs. Myocardial Infarction and Normal vs. COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats vs. Myocardial Infarction multi-classification tasks. This study is believed to have great potential to speed up the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients, saving clinicians time and facilitating the control of the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19 diagnosis; Cardiovascular diseases diagnosis; Convolutional neural networks; Deep learning; Electrocardiography; Machine learning.

Fig. 1

Sample ECG trace images from dataset, a COVID-19 ECG, b Normal ECG, c Abnormal Heartbeats ECG and d Myocardial ECG

Fig. 2

The proposed CNN architecture

Fig. 3

Activations of convolutional layer

Fig. 4

Accuracy and Loss plot for classification of a COVID-19 vs. Normal, b COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats, c COVID-19 vs. Myocardial Infarction, d COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats vs. Myocardial Infarction and e Normal vs. COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats vs. Myocardial Infarction

Fig. 5

Confusion Matrix for classification of a COVID-19 vs. Normal, b COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats, c COVID-19 vs. Myocardial Infarction, d COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats vs. Myocardial Infarction and e Normal vs. COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats vs. Myocardial Infarction

Fig. 6

ROC Curve for classification of a COVID-19 vs. Normal, b COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats, c COVID-19 vs. Myocardial Infarction, d COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats vs. Myocardial Infarction and e Normal vs. COVID-19 vs. Abnormal Heartbeats vs. Myocardial Infarction