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. 2021 Nov 14:12:100164.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100164. eCollection 2021 Dec 30.

Intensified green-based extraction process as a circular economy approach to recover bioactive compounds from soursop seeds (Annona muricata L.)

Patricia C Mesquita  1   2 , Luiz Gustavo G Rodrigues  1 , Simone Mazzutti  3 , Mayara da Silva  4 , Luciano Vitali  4 , Marcelo Lanza  1
Affiliations

Intensified green-based extraction process as a circular economy approach to recover bioactive compounds from soursop seeds (Annona muricata L.)

Patricia C Mesquita et al. Food Chem X. .

Abstract

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) seeds, which is a residue obtained from juice agro-industries, were subjected to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE) in single or combined mode to extract the potential value-added compounds. Different extraction methods were evaluated in terms of the extraction yield, phenolics content, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), and Maillard reaction products. The extracts were analyzed using SEM, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS techniques. The temperature and a combination of high-pressure techniques positively affected the overall results (SFE + SWE), affording nonpolar and polar extracts rich in phenolics and antioxidant compounds. SEM analysis showed that the use of SFE caused modifications in the cell wall, and the oil fraction was rich in fatty acids. Twenty-nine compounds associated with soursop seed extracts were detected for the first time using LC-MS/MS, showing the potential of the raw material as well as promoting resource re-utilization in circular economy.

Keywords: Annona muricata seeds; Antioxidant activity; Phenolic compounds; Principal component analysis; Subcritical water extraction; Supercritical fluid extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effect of subcritical water extraction (SWE) temperature in single-mode (SM) and combined mode (CM) on the amounts of Maillard reaction products of soursop seed extracts. Same letters indicate no significant difference at 5 % (p < 0.05).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of soursop seeds with a magnification of 1000×: (A) raw material; (B) residue material after supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) at 30 MPa and 40 °C.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Principal component analysis (PCA) of subcritical water extraction (SWE) in single-mode (SM) and combined mode (CM) at 70 °C and 130 °C and using the Soxhlet technique (SOX) with ethanol (EtOH) as a solvent, based on the global extraction yield (X0), total phenolics content (TPC), antiradical power (ARP), ABTS, FRAP assays, and phenolic compounds scores for the biplot of the first two PCs. Compounds: 3,4 DHB (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids); 4-AMINB (4-aminobenzoic acid); AC 4-HIDRO (4-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid); AC CAF (caffeic acid); AC ELAG (ellagic acid); AC FER (ferulic acid); AC GAL (gallic acid); AC MAN (mandelic acid); AC CUM (p-coumaric acid); AC ROS (rosmarinic acid); AC SAL (salicylic acid); AC SIN (sinapic acid); AC SIR (syringic acid); AC VAN (vanillic acid); EPICA (epicatechin); KAEM (kaempferol); MIRI (myricetin); QUERC (quercetin); TAXI (taxifolin); CONIF (coniferaldehyde); SIRIN (sinapaldehyde); VANI (vanillin); UMBE (umbelliferone).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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