Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection

Chansavath Phetsouphanh^#¹, David R Darley^#², Daniel B Wilson³, Annett Howe⁴, C Mee Ling Munier⁴, Sheila K Patel⁵, Jennifer A Juno⁶, Louise M Burrell⁵, Stephen J Kent^{6

7}, Gregory J Dore^{4

2}, Anthony D Kelleher^#^{8

9}, Gail V Matthews^#^{10

11}

Affiliations

¹ The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. cphetsouphanh@kirby.unsw.edu.au.
² St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
³ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
⁴ The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵ Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁶ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁷ Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁸ The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. akelleher@kirby.unsw.edu.au.
⁹ St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. akelleher@kirby.unsw.edu.au.
¹⁰ The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. gmatthews@kirby.unsw.edu.au.
¹¹ St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. gmatthews@kirby.unsw.edu.au.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 35027728
DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01113-x

Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection

Chansavath Phetsouphanh et al. Nat Immunol. 2022 Feb.

. 2022 Feb;23(2):210-216.

doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01113-x. Epub 2022 Jan 13.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. cphetsouphanh@kirby.unsw.edu.au.
² St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
³ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
⁴ The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵ Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁶ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁷ Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁸ The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. akelleher@kirby.unsw.edu.au.
⁹ St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. akelleher@kirby.unsw.edu.au.
¹⁰ The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. gmatthews@kirby.unsw.edu.au.
¹¹ St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. gmatthews@kirby.unsw.edu.au.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 35027728
DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01113-x

Abstract

A proportion of patients surviving acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection develop post-acute COVID syndrome (long COVID (LC)) lasting longer than 12 weeks. Here, we studied individuals with LC compared to age- and gender-matched recovered individuals without LC, unexposed donors and individuals infected with other coronaviruses. Patients with LC had highly activated innate immune cells, lacked naive T and B cells and showed elevated expression of type I IFN (IFN-β) and type III IFN (IFN-λ1) that remained persistently high at 8 months after infection. Using a log-linear classification model, we defined an optimal set of analytes that had the strongest association with LC among the 28 analytes measured. Combinations of the inflammatory mediators IFN-β, PTX3, IFN-γ, IFN-λ2/3 and IL-6 associated with LC with 78.5-81.6% accuracy. This work defines immunological parameters associated with LC and suggests future opportunities for prevention and treatment.

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Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients.
Ravkov EV, Williams ESCP, Elgort M, Barker AP, Planelles V, Spivak AM, Delgado JC, Lin L, Hanley TM. Ravkov EV, et al. Front Immunol. 2024 Jan 4;14:1329026. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1329026. eCollection 2023. Front Immunol. 2024. PMID: 38250080 Free PMC article.

References

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Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection

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