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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Jan 14;19(1):3.
doi: 10.1186/s12981-021-00427-y.

Outcomes of patients with HIV and COVID-19 co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Celestin Danwang  1 , Jean Jacques Noubiap  2 , Annie Robert  3 , Jean Cyr Yombi  4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Outcomes of patients with HIV and COVID-19 co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Celestin Danwang et al. AIDS Res Ther. .

Abstract

Background: Data on the association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 are conflicting. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available information on the risk of hospitalization, severe disease, and death attributable to HIV in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS were searched through October 25, 2021, to identify relevant studies, without language restriction. A random-effects model was used to pool estimates.

Results: We included 44 studies reporting information from 38,971,065 patients with COVID-19. The pooled prevalence of HIV among COVID-19 patients was 26.9 ‰ (95% CI 22.7-31.3) and was significantly higher in studies conducted in Africa compared to those conducted elsewhere (118.5‰ [95% CI 84.8-156.9, 11 studies] vs 10.9‰ [95% CI 8.8-13.2, 27 studies]). In pooled analyses of unadjusted odds ratio, HIV-positive individuals were more likely to be admitted to hospital (OR: 1.49; 95% CI 1.01-2.21, 6 studies) compared to HIV-negative individuals. In the adjusted (for age and sex) analyses, HIV was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio: 1.76, 95% CI 1.31-2.35, 2 studies). However, HIV was not associated with the severity of the disease (OR: 1.28; 95% CI 0.77-2.13, 13 studies), or death (OR: 0.81; 95% CI 0.47; 1.41, 23 studies) in patients with COVID-19 in the meta-analysis of unadjusted odds ratio.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patients with HIV have an increased risk of hospital admission for COVID-19. HIV seems to be independently associated with increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patient in adjusted analysis. However, this evidence was derived from only two studies.

Keywords: HIV; Meta-analysis; Outcomes; Systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Proportion of HIV positive patients among patients with COVID-19
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Risk of hospital admission according to HIV status among COVID-19 patients
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Risk of presenting severe COVID-19 infection according to HIV status
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Risk of death among COVID-19 patients according to HIV status. Meta-analysis of adjusted and unadjusted estimates
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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