Modified 5-Item Frailty Index Score as Prognostic Marker After Radical Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Introduction: A modified 5-item frailty index was recently developed as a predictor of patient comorbidity-based mortality and morbidity. We evaluate the association between preoperative modified 5-item frailty index score and prognosis after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Patients and methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, we calculated modified 5-item frailty index scores of the 238 patients that underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer between March 2009, and March 2018. The patients were classified into high frailty index score (≥ 2) or low frailty index score (≤ 1) groups for comparison of overall and cancer-specific survival between them. To evaluate the prognostic impact of the preoperative frailty index, we also performed Cox proportional regression analyses for overall, and cancer-specific survival.

Results: Of 238 patients, 53 patients were classified into the high frailty index score group and 185 patients into the low frailty index score group. Overall, 70 patients died of bladder cancer (29%), and 21 patients died of other causes (9%). The patients with high frailty index score had significantly lower rate of overall survival than those with low frailty index score (P < .01). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in cancer-specific survival rate between the 2 groups (P = .07). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that high modified 5-item frailty index score was independently associated with poor overall survival (P = .01), but not with poor cancer-specific survival (P = .15).

Conclusion: High preoperative modified 5-item frailty index score could be a significant independent predictor of poor prognosis after radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer.

Keywords: Geriatric condition; Outcome assessment; Prognosis; Scoring system; Urinary bladder neoplasms.