The complex Y-chromosomal history of gorillas

Veronika Städele^{1

2

3}, Mimi Arandjelovic^{3

4}, Stuart Nixon⁵, Richard A Bergl⁶, Brenda J Bradley⁷, Thomas Breuer^{8

9}, Kenneth N Cameron¹⁰, Katerina Guschanski^{11

12}, Josephine Head³, Jean C Kyungu¹³, Shelly Masi¹⁴, David B Morgan¹⁵, Patricia Reed¹⁶, Martha M Robbins³, Crickette Sanz^{17

18}, Vincent Smith¹³, Emma J Stokes¹⁹, Olaf Thalmann²⁰, Angelique Todd²¹, Linda Vigilant³

Affiliations

¹ School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
² Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
³ Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
⁴ Evolutionary and Anthropocene Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
⁵ Field Programmes and Conservation Science, Chester Zoo, North of England Zoological Society, Chester, UK.
⁶ North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, North Carolina, USA.
⁷ Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
⁸ WWF Germany, Berlin, Germany.
⁹ Mbeli Bai Study, Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
¹⁰ Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
¹¹ Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
¹² Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
¹³ The Gorilla Organization, London, UK.
¹⁴ Eco-Anthropologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Musée de l'Homme, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
¹⁵ Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
¹⁶ Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
¹⁸ Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
¹⁹ Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New York City, New York, USA.
²⁰ Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
²¹ Fauna and Flora International, Cambridge, UK.

PMID: 35041228
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23363

The complex Y-chromosomal history of gorillas

Veronika Städele et al. Am J Primatol. 2022 Mar.

. 2022 Mar;84(3):e23363.

doi: 10.1002/ajp.23363. Epub 2022 Jan 18.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
² Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
³ Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
⁴ Evolutionary and Anthropocene Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
⁵ Field Programmes and Conservation Science, Chester Zoo, North of England Zoological Society, Chester, UK.
⁶ North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, North Carolina, USA.
⁷ Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
⁸ WWF Germany, Berlin, Germany.
⁹ Mbeli Bai Study, Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
¹⁰ Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
¹¹ Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
¹² Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
¹³ The Gorilla Organization, London, UK.
¹⁴ Eco-Anthropologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Musée de l'Homme, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
¹⁵ Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
¹⁶ Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
¹⁸ Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
¹⁹ Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New York City, New York, USA.
²⁰ Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
²¹ Fauna and Flora International, Cambridge, UK.

PMID: 35041228
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23363

Abstract

Studies of the evolutionary relationships among gorilla populations using autosomal and mitochondrial sequences suggest that male-mediated gene flow may have been important in the past, but data on the Y-chromosomal relationships among the gorilla subspecies are limited. Here, we genotyped blood and noninvasively collected fecal samples from 12 captives and 257 wild male gorillas of known origin representing all four subspecies (Gorilla gorilla gorilla, G. g. diehli, G. beringei beringei, and G. b. graueri) at 10 Y-linked microsatellite loci resulting in 102 unique Y-haplotypes for 224 individuals. We found that western lowland gorilla (G. g. gorilla) haplotypes were consistently more diverse than any other subspecies for all measures of diversity and comprised several genetically distinct groups. However, these did not correspond to geographical proximity and some closely related haplotypes were found several hundred kilometers apart. Similarly, our broad sampling of eastern gorillas revealed that mountain (G. b. beringei) and Grauer's (G. b. graueri) gorilla Y-chromosomal haplotypes did not form distinct clusters. These observations suggest structure in the ancestral population with subsequent mixing of differentiated haplotypes by male dispersal for western lowland gorillas, and postisolation migration or incomplete lineage sorting due to short divergence times for eastern gorillas.

Keywords: diversity; genetic distance; microsatellite; phylogeny; short tandem repeat.

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References

REFERENCES

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The complex Y-chromosomal history of gorillas

Affiliations

The complex Y-chromosomal history of gorillas

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

References

REFERENCES

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Miscellaneous