The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: Starting the clock

Harris A Lewin^{1

2}, Stephen Richards³, Erez Lieberman Aiden⁴, Miguel L Allende^{5

6}, John M Archibald⁷, Miklós Bálint^{8

9}, Katharine B Barker¹⁰, Bridget Baumgartner¹¹, Katherine Belov¹², Giorgio Bertorelle¹³, Mark L Blaxter¹⁴, Jing Cai¹⁵, Nicolette D Caperello³, Keith Carlson¹⁶, Juan Carlos Castilla-Rubio¹⁷, Shu-Miaw Chaw¹⁸, Lei Chen¹⁵, Anna K Childers¹⁹, Jonathan A Coddington²⁰, Dalia A Conde^{21

22}, Montserrat Corominas^{23

24}, Keith A Crandall^{25

26}, Andrew J Crawford²⁷, Federica DiPalma²⁸, Richard Durbin^{29

30}, ThankGod E Ebenezer³¹, Scott V Edwards^{32

33}, Olivier Fedrigo³⁴, Paul Flicek^{30

35}, Giulio Formenti³⁶, Richard A Gibbs³⁷, M Thomas P Gilbert^{38

39}, Melissa M Goldstein⁴⁰, Jennifer Marshall Graves^{41

42}, Henry T Greely⁴³, Igor V Grigoriev^{44

45}, Kevin J Hackett⁴⁶, Neil Hall⁴⁷, David Haussler^{48

49}, Kristofer M Helgen⁵⁰, Carolyn J Hogg¹², Sachiko Isobe⁵¹, Kjetill Sigurd Jakobsen⁵², Axel Janke⁸, Erich D Jarvis^{34

49}, Warren E Johnson^{53

54}, Steven J M Jones⁵⁵, Elinor K Karlsson^{56

57}, Paul J Kersey⁵⁸, Jin-Hyoung Kim⁵⁹, W John Kress⁶⁰, Shigehiro Kuraku^{61

62}, Mara K N Lawniczak¹⁴, James H Leebens-Mack⁶³, Xueyan Li⁶⁴, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh^{57

65}, Xin Liu⁶⁶, Jose V Lopez^{67

68}, Tomas Marques-Bonet^{69

70

71

72}, Sophie Mazard⁷³, Jonna A K Mazet⁷⁴, Camila J Mazzoni^{75

76}, Eugene W Myers⁷⁷, Rachel J O'Neill^{78

79}, Sadye Paez³⁴, Hyun Park⁸⁰, Gene E Robinson⁸¹, Cristina Roquet^{82

83}, Oliver A Ryder^{84

85}, Jamal S M Sabir^{86

87}, H Bradley Shaffer^{88

89}, Timothy M Shank⁹⁰, Jacob S Sherkow^{81

91}, Pamela S Soltis^{92

93}, Boping Tang⁹⁴, Leho Tedersoo^{95

96}, Marcela Uliano-Silva¹⁴, Kun Wang¹⁵, Xiaofeng Wei⁶⁶, Regina Wetzer^{97

98}, Julia L Wilson³⁰, Xun Xu⁶⁶, Huanming Yang⁶⁶, Anne D Yoder^{99

100}, Guojie Zhang^{64

66

101

102}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Evolution and Ecology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; lewin@ucdavis.edu.
² Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
³ University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
⁴ DNA Zoo and The Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
⁵ Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad de Chile 3425 Santiago, Chile.
⁶ Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile 3425 Santiago, Chile.
⁷ Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.
⁸ LOEWE Centre of Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
⁹ Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University 35392 Giessen, Germany.
¹⁰ Global Genome Biodiversity Network Secretariat, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560.
¹¹ Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA 94965.
¹² School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
¹³ Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
¹⁴ Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
¹⁵ School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University 710072 Xi'an, China.
¹⁶ The Novim Group, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
¹⁷ Spacetime Ventures 05449-050 São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁸ Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica 11529 Taipei, Taiwan.
¹⁹ Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705.
²⁰ Global Genome Initiative, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560.
²¹ Conservation Science, Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, Bloomington, MN 55425.
²² Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
²³ Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
²⁴ Catalan Society for Biology, Institute for Catalan Studies 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
²⁵ Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
²⁶ Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
²⁷ Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes 111711 Bogotá, Colombia.
²⁸ Genome British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 0C4, Canada.
²⁹ Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom.
³⁰ Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
³¹ UniProt, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom.
³² Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
³³ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
³⁴ Laboratory of the Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.
³⁵ European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom.
³⁶ Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.
³⁷ Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
³⁸ GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
³⁹ University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
⁴⁰ Department of Health Policy and Management, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
⁴¹ School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
⁴² Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
⁴³ Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
⁴⁴ US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.
⁴⁵ Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.
⁴⁶ Office of National Programs, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705.
⁴⁷ Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom.
⁴⁸ Genome Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060.
⁴⁹ HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815.
⁵⁰ Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
⁵¹ Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
⁵² Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway.
⁵³ Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD 20746.
⁵⁴ Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630.
⁵⁵ Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada.
⁵⁶ Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605.
⁵⁷ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142.
⁵⁸ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, United Kingdom.
⁵⁹ Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute 21990 Incheon, South Korea.
⁶⁰ Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012.
⁶¹ Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics 411-8540 Shizuoka, Japan.
⁶² Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research 650-0047 Hyogo, Japan.
⁶³ Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
⁶⁴ State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 650223 Yunnan, China.
⁶⁵ Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
⁶⁶ BGI-Research, Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen 518083 Shenzhen, China.
⁶⁷ Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004.
⁶⁸ Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, FL 33004.
⁶⁹ Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Pompeu Fabra University, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Parc de Recerca Biomedica de Barcelona 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
⁷⁰ Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
⁷¹ Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
⁷² Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
⁷³ Bioplatforms Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
⁷⁴ One Health Institute, University of California Davis, CA 95616.
⁷⁵ Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research 14195 Berlin, Germany.
⁷⁶ Evolutionary Genetics Department, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research 10315 Berlin, Germany.
⁷⁷ Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics 01307 Dresden, Germany.
⁷⁸ Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269.
⁷⁹ Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269.
⁸⁰ Division of Biotechnology, Korea University 02841 Seoul, Korea.
⁸¹ Department of Entomology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
⁸² Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants Associated Unit to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
⁸³ Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS 38000 Grenoble, France.
⁸⁴ Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027.
⁸⁵ Division of Biology, Department of Evolution, Behavior, and Ecology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039.
⁸⁶ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁸⁷ Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁸⁸ La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
⁸⁹ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
⁹⁰ Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543.
⁹¹ College of Law, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820.
⁹² Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
⁹³ Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
⁹⁴ Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University 224002 Yancheng, China.
⁹⁵ Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
⁹⁶ College of Science, King Saud University 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁹⁷ Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 90007.
⁹⁸ Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.
⁹⁹ Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
¹⁰⁰ Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
¹⁰¹ Villum Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹⁰² China National Genebank, Beijing Genomics Institute 51803 Shenzhen, China.

PMID: 35042800
PMCID: PMC8795548
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115635118

The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: Starting the clock

Harris A Lewin et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022.

. 2022 Jan 25;119(4):e2115635118.

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2115635118.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Evolution and Ecology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; lewin@ucdavis.edu.
² Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
³ University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
⁴ DNA Zoo and The Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
⁵ Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad de Chile 3425 Santiago, Chile.
⁶ Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile 3425 Santiago, Chile.
⁷ Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.
⁸ LOEWE Centre of Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
⁹ Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University 35392 Giessen, Germany.
¹⁰ Global Genome Biodiversity Network Secretariat, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560.
¹¹ Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA 94965.
¹² School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
¹³ Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
¹⁴ Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
¹⁵ School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University 710072 Xi'an, China.
¹⁶ The Novim Group, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
¹⁷ Spacetime Ventures 05449-050 São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁸ Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica 11529 Taipei, Taiwan.
¹⁹ Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705.
²⁰ Global Genome Initiative, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560.
²¹ Conservation Science, Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, Bloomington, MN 55425.
²² Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
²³ Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
²⁴ Catalan Society for Biology, Institute for Catalan Studies 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
²⁵ Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
²⁶ Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
²⁷ Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes 111711 Bogotá, Colombia.
²⁸ Genome British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 0C4, Canada.
²⁹ Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom.
³⁰ Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
³¹ UniProt, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom.
³² Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
³³ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
³⁴ Laboratory of the Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.
³⁵ European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom.
³⁶ Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.
³⁷ Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
³⁸ GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
³⁹ University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
⁴⁰ Department of Health Policy and Management, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
⁴¹ School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
⁴² Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
⁴³ Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
⁴⁴ US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.
⁴⁵ Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.
⁴⁶ Office of National Programs, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705.
⁴⁷ Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom.
⁴⁸ Genome Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060.
⁴⁹ HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815.
⁵⁰ Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
⁵¹ Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
⁵² Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway.
⁵³ Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD 20746.
⁵⁴ Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630.
⁵⁵ Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada.
⁵⁶ Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605.
⁵⁷ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142.
⁵⁸ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, United Kingdom.
⁵⁹ Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute 21990 Incheon, South Korea.
⁶⁰ Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012.
⁶¹ Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics 411-8540 Shizuoka, Japan.
⁶² Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research 650-0047 Hyogo, Japan.
⁶³ Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
⁶⁴ State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 650223 Yunnan, China.
⁶⁵ Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
⁶⁶ BGI-Research, Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen 518083 Shenzhen, China.
⁶⁷ Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004.
⁶⁸ Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, FL 33004.
⁶⁹ Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Pompeu Fabra University, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Parc de Recerca Biomedica de Barcelona 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
⁷⁰ Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
⁷¹ Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
⁷² Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
⁷³ Bioplatforms Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
⁷⁴ One Health Institute, University of California Davis, CA 95616.
⁷⁵ Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research 14195 Berlin, Germany.
⁷⁶ Evolutionary Genetics Department, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research 10315 Berlin, Germany.
⁷⁷ Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics 01307 Dresden, Germany.
⁷⁸ Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269.
⁷⁹ Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269.
⁸⁰ Division of Biotechnology, Korea University 02841 Seoul, Korea.
⁸¹ Department of Entomology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
⁸² Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants Associated Unit to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
⁸³ Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS 38000 Grenoble, France.
⁸⁴ Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027.
⁸⁵ Division of Biology, Department of Evolution, Behavior, and Ecology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039.
⁸⁶ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁸⁷ Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁸⁸ La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
⁸⁹ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
⁹⁰ Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543.
⁹¹ College of Law, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820.
⁹² Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
⁹³ Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
⁹⁴ Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University 224002 Yancheng, China.
⁹⁵ Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
⁹⁶ College of Science, King Saud University 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁹⁷ Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 90007.
⁹⁸ Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.
⁹⁹ Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
¹⁰⁰ Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
¹⁰¹ Villum Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹⁰² China National Genebank, Beijing Genomics Institute 51803 Shenzhen, China.

PMID: 35042800
PMCID: PMC8795548
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115635118

No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interest.

Figures

**Fig. 1.**
Global progress in whole-genome sequencing across all eukaryotic taxonomic levels. Data source: National Center for Biotechnology Information, March 4, 2021 (18).

**Fig. 2.**
Year-over-year progress in whole genome sequencing for all eukaryotic taxa (*Upper*) and family-level (*Lower*) eukaryotic taxa, 2010 to March 4, 2021. The metrics for draft and reference quality assemblies are given in the text.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Lewin H. A., et al. , Earth BioGenome Project: Sequencing life for the future of life. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115, 4325–4333 (2018). - PMC - PubMed
1. Díaz S., et al. , Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 2019).
1. International Union for Conservation of Nature, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-3. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 1 April 2021.
1. Bioeconomy Capital, Bioeconomy dashboard: Economic metrics. http://www.bioeconomycapital.com/bioeconomy-dashboard. Accessed 1 April 2021.
1. Natural Resources Institute Finland, Finnish bioeconomy in numbers. https://www.luke.fi/en/natural-resources/finnish-bioeconomy-in-numbers/. Accessed 1 April 2021.

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The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: Starting the clock

Affiliations

The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: Starting the clock

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources