Differentiating between viruses and virus species by writing their names correctly

Francisco Murilo Zerbini¹, Stuart G Siddell², Arcady R Mushegian³, Peter J Walker⁴, Elliot J Lefkowitz⁵, Evelien M Adriaenssens⁶, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini⁷, Bas E Dutilh^{8

9}, María Laura García¹⁰, Sandra Junglen¹¹, Mart Krupovic¹², Jens H Kuhn¹³, Amy J Lambert¹⁴, Małgorzata Łobocka¹⁵, Hanna M Oksanen¹⁶, David L Robertson¹⁷, Luisa Rubino¹⁸, Sead Sabanadzovic¹⁹, Peter Simmonds²⁰, Nobuhiro Suzuki²¹, Koenraad Van Doorslaer²², Anne-Mieke Vandamme^{23

24}, Arvind Varsani²⁵

Affiliations

¹ Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil. zerbini@ufv.br.
² School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
³ Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA.
⁴ School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), BBRB 276, 845 19th St South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2170, USA.
⁶ Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
⁷ Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
⁸ Institute of Biodiversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany.
⁹ Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
¹⁰ Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET, UNLP, calles 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹¹ Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
¹² Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, 75015, France.
¹³ NIH/NIAID/DCR/Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), B‑8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
¹⁴ Division of Vector‑Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
¹⁵ Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁶ Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁷ MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
¹⁸ Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, UOS Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
¹⁹ Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 100 Old Hwy 12 Mail Stop 9775, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
²⁰ Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK.
²¹ Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan.
²² School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
²³ KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Institute for the Future, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
²⁴ Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Unidade de Microbiologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal.
²⁵ The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4701, USA.

PMID: 35043230
PMCID: PMC9020231
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05323-4

Differentiating between viruses and virus species by writing their names correctly

Francisco Murilo Zerbini et al. Arch Virol. 2022 Apr.

. 2022 Apr;167(4):1231-1234.

doi: 10.1007/s00705-021-05323-4.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil. zerbini@ufv.br.
² School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
³ Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA.
⁴ School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), BBRB 276, 845 19th St South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2170, USA.
⁶ Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
⁷ Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
⁸ Institute of Biodiversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany.
⁹ Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
¹⁰ Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET, UNLP, calles 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹¹ Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
¹² Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, 75015, France.
¹³ NIH/NIAID/DCR/Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), B‑8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
¹⁴ Division of Vector‑Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
¹⁵ Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁶ Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁷ MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
¹⁸ Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, UOS Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
¹⁹ Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 100 Old Hwy 12 Mail Stop 9775, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
²⁰ Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK.
²¹ Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan.
²² School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
²³ KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Institute for the Future, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
²⁴ Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Unidade de Microbiologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal.
²⁵ The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4701, USA.

PMID: 35043230
PMCID: PMC9020231
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05323-4

Abstract

Following the results of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Ratification Vote held in March 2021, a standard two-part "binomial nomenclature" is now the norm for naming virus species. Adoption of the new nomenclature is still in its infancy; thus, it is timely to reiterate the distinction between "virus" and "virus species" and to provide guidelines for naming and writing them correctly.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References

1. Van Regenmortel MHV (2003) Viruses are real, virus species are man-made, taxonomic constructions. Arch Virol 148:2481–2488 - PubMed
1. Siddell SG, Walker PJ, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Dutilh BE, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Junglen S, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Nibert ML, Rubino L, Sabanadzovic S, Simmonds P, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Davison AJ (2020) Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation. Arch Virol 165:519–525 - PMC - PubMed
1. Walker PJ, Siddell SG, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Adriaenssens EM, Alfenas-Zerbini P, Davison AJ, Dempsey DM, Dutilh BE, Garcia ML, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Hendrickson RC, Junglen S, Knowles NJ, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Lambert AJ, Lobocka M, Nibert ML, Oksanen HM, Orton RJ, Robertson DL, Rubino L, Sabanadzovic S, Simmonds P, Smith DB, Suzuki N, Van Dooerslaer K, Vandamme AM, Varsani A, Zerbini FM (2021) Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021). Arch Virol 166:2633–2648 - PubMed

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Differentiating between viruses and virus species by writing their names correctly

Affiliations

Differentiating between viruses and virus species by writing their names correctly

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

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