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Review
. 2021 Dec 26;10(1):38.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare10010038.

A Review on Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenia in Malaysia

Muhamad Aidil Zahidin  1 , Noor Haslina Mohd Noor  1   2 , Muhammad Farid Johan  1 , Abu Dzarr Abdullah  3 , Zefarina Zulkafli  1   2 , Hisham Atan Edinur  4
Affiliations
Review

A Review on Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenia in Malaysia

Muhamad Aidil Zahidin et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease that occurs in adults and children. In Malaysia, the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of ITP was issued in 2006, which focused almost exclusively on primary ITP (pITP), and only a few secondary ITP (sITP) forms were addressed. All published (twenty-three) sITP articles among children and adults in Malaysia, identified on the academic databases were retrieved. The articles were published between 1981 and 2019, at a rate of 0.62 publications per year. The publications were considered low and mainly focused on rare presentation and followed-up of secondary diseases. This review revealed that sITP in Malaysia is commonly associated with autoimmune diseases (Evan's syndrome, SLE and WAS), malignancy (Kaposi's sarcoma and breast cancer) and infection (dengue haemorrhagic fever, Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis C virus). The relationship between ITP and autoimmune diseases, malignancy and infections raise the question concerning the mechanism involved in these associations. Further studies should be conducted to bridge the current knowledge gap, and the further information is required to update the existing CPG of management of ITP in Malaysia.

Keywords: autoimmune disease; clinical practice guideline; infection; malignancy; secondary immune thrombocytopenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Number of sITP publications in Malaysia between 1981 and 2019.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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