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Review
. 2022 Jan 6;11(2):186.
doi: 10.3390/cells11020186.

Methodologies to Isolate and Purify Clinical Grade Extracellular Vesicles for Medical Applications

Asma Akbar  1 , Farzaneh Malekian  1 , Neda Baghban  1 , Sai Priyanka Kodam  1 , Mujib Ullah  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Methodologies to Isolate and Purify Clinical Grade Extracellular Vesicles for Medical Applications

Asma Akbar et al. Cells. .

Abstract

The use of extracellular vesicles (EV) in nano drug delivery has been demonstrated in many previous studies. In this study, we discuss the sources of extracellular vesicles, including plant, salivary and urinary sources which are easily available but less sought after compared with blood and tissue. Extensive research in the past decade has established that the breadth of EV applications is wide. However, the efforts on standardizing the isolation and purification methods have not brought us to a point that can match the potential of extracellular vesicles for clinical use. The standardization can open doors for many researchers and clinicians alike to experiment with the proposed clinical uses with lesser concerns regarding untraceable side effects. It can make it easier to identify the mechanism of therapeutic benefits and to track the mechanism of any unforeseen effects observed.

Keywords: clinical application; extracellular vesicles; isolation and purification methods; stem cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of different methods for extracellular isolation and purification.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of different isolation methods for EVs purification. Flow chart data is based on published literature.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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