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Review
. 2022 Jan 14;23(2):905.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23020905.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenic Roles of Diverse Immune Cells

Sunhee Jang  1   2 , Eui-Jong Kwon  1   3 , Jennifer Jooha Lee  1
Affiliations
Review

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenic Roles of Diverse Immune Cells

Sunhee Jang et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease associated with synovial tissue proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage destruction, and systemic complications. Currently, advanced understandings of the pathologic mechanisms of autoreactive CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and autoantibodies that cause RA have been achieved, despite the fact that much remains to be elucidated. This review provides an updated pathogenesis of RA which will unveil novel therapeutic targets.

Keywords: autoantibodies; diagnosis; epidemiology; pathogenesis; precision medicine; rheumatoid arthritis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The multiple functions of B cells in RA. BCR = B cell receptor; TCR = T cell receptor; MHC = major histocompatibility complex; RANKL = receptor activator of NF-κB ligand; RANK = receptor activator of NF-κB. Uncited reference: [52]. Created with Biorender.com.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The difference between ACPA-positive B cells and RF-positive B cells. TLR = Toll-like receptor. Uncited reference: [58]. Created with Biorender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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